Route of Drug Administration

PRESENTATION ON
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

& IT’S SIGNIFICANCE
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Introduction to Drug design
and delivery
•Drug design and delivery is a Multidisciplinary field

that focuses on the development of new drugs and
the delivery of new drugs to target sites in the body.
•The process of drug design begins with identifying a
target molecule or pathway that is involved in a
particular disease.
•This target could be a protein, an enzyme, or even a
specific gene.
Cont…
•Once the target is identified, researchers use
various computational and experimental techniques
to design and synthesize molecule that can interact
with the target and modulate its activity.
•The goal of drug design is to develop the molecules
that are highly specific to the target.
•They interact only with the intended target and not
with other molecules in the body.
•This specificity is important to minimize side effects
and maximize the therapeutic effect of the drug.
Cont…
•Drug delivery designed to released the drug in
controlled manner,
allowing for sustained released over a period of
time.
•This can improve the effectiveness of drug and
reduce the frequency of administration.
• Overall, drug design and delivery is a critical field
in the development of new and effective drugs.
•It combines principal from chemistry, biology,
Pharmacological, and engineering to design
molecule and delivery systems that can effectively
treat disease while minimizing Side effects.
PRESENTATION ON
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
& IT’S SIGNIFICANCE
ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION?
The route of drug administration is the way
through which drug enter into our body. It is
depends on the properties and nature of the
drug.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROUTES OF
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
i. Enteral Administration : Oral, Sublingual, Rectal.
ii. Intravenous Administration.
iii. Intramuscular Administration.
iv. Subcutaneous Administration.
v. Inhalation Administration.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION
When a drug is given by mouth then it is
called oral administration. This is the most
frequent route of drug administration.
Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable

tablets.
ORAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Capsules Tablets
COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages
i. Easy to take and portable. i. Give fast-pass effect.

ii. Painless and comfortable. ii. May occur food-interaction.
iii. Relatively cheap and iii. Can give local effect. i.e. GI
compact. flora.
iv. Various dosage form are iv. Unconscious patient not able
available. to swallow.
v. Self medication is possible. v. Inactivated by stomach acid.
e.g. penicillin.
SUBLINGUAL ADMINISTRATION
The drug which is placed under the tongue and
allowed to dissolve slowly is called sublingual
administration. The sublingual mucosa offers a
rich supply of blood vessels through drugs can be
absorbed.
Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids
SUBLINGUAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
B-12 N-glycerine
COMPARISON
i. Absorbed quickly. i. If the drug is swallowed,

ii. Faster therapeutic effect. then all advantages of
drug are lost.
iii. Avoid fast-pass effect.
ii. Drug contain small dose
iv. Drug stability is better. limit.
v. Self medication is
possible.
RECTAL ADMINISTRATION
Rectal administration is reserved for certain
clinical situation, such as a vomiting patient
or medication not available in injectable form.
It's usually given in rectum.
Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.
RECTAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Glycerin suppositories
Panadol suppositories
COMPARISON
i. Suitable route for anti- i. Little painful &
constipation drugs. uncomfortable.
ii. Useful for children and ii. Small range of drugs
non-matured person. available.
iii. Do not undergo fast-pass iii. Sometimes need expert
effect. person to administrate
iv. Self medication is on children.
possible.
INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
It is a process by which injection of drug is
given directly into the vein.
Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer

treatment.
IV-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
IV-infusion process Intravenous Injection

COMPARISON
i. Therapeutic effect seen i. Aseptic technique is must
immediately. required.
ii. More suitable for large ii. Painful and costly.
volume administration. iii. Short duration of action.
iii. Does not need to be iv. Require supporting
absorbed. equipment. such as
iv. Suitable for unconscious, infusion set.
non-cooperative patient. v. Self-medication is
v. Avoid fast-pass effect. difficult.
INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION
It is the process by which drug is injected into the
area of a large muscle.
Example: Anesthetic Injection
IM-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Intramuscular Injection
COMPARISON
i. Provide rapid absorption. i. Supporting equipment
ii. Lowest risk of damage is required.
adjacent nerves and blood ii. May be painful.
vessels.
iii. Sometimes also costly.
iii. Rapid onset of action.
iv. Non-soluble(in water)
iv. Slightly irritant drug can drugs are not
be given. acceptable. such as
v. Moderate volume of drug Valium, Librium.
may given. v. Self-medication is
vi. Avoid fast-pass effect. difficult.
SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION
Administration of fluid via subcutaneous route is
called subcutaneous administration. In this process,
injection of a liquid into the layer of tissue just
below the dermis but above the muscle layer.
Example: Insulin
SUBCUTANEOUS-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set

COMPARISON
i. Minimize the risks i. Slower absorption of drug.
associated with the IM ii. possibility of inflammation
injection. and irritation at infusion
ii. Easy to take by patient. site.
iii. Less expensive than IV iii. Can be form leakage of
therapy. subcutaneous site.
iv. Relatively safe and cost iv. can be create allergic
effective. reaction.
v. Avoid fast-pass effect. v. Limitation in volume of
drugs.
INHALATION ADMINISTRATION
The inhalation administration is used for
drugs that can be dispersed in an aerosol or
that vaporize easily.
Example : Nitrous oxide for general

anesthesia.
INHALATION-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Inhalation Device
COMPARISON
i. Provide rapid drug i. Only used for gaseous
delivery across form drugs those can
alveolar membrane. be dispersed in an
ii. Produce rapid action. aerosol.
iii. Avoid toxicity and ii. Special equipment is

first-pass effect. required.
iv. Absorption of gas are

efficient.
WE SHOULD CONCERN........
Drugs show their
pharmacological action
when absorbed by the
systemic circulation and
distribution into the
interstitial and
intracellular fluid. For
absorption to take place
the drug must be
administered in the
appropriate manner.
THE END
Thank You All

ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION?
The route of drug administration is the way
through which drug enter into our body. It is
depends on the properties and nature of the
drug.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROUTES OF
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
i. Enteral Administration : Oral, Sublingual, Rectal.
ii. Intravenous Administration.
iii. Intramuscular Administration.
iv. Subcutaneous Administration.
v. Inhalation Administration.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION
When a drug is given by mouth then it is
called oral administration. This is the most
frequent route of drug administration.
Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable

tablets.
ORAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Capsules Tablets
COMPARISON
i. Give fast-pass effect.
i. Easy to take and portable. ii. May occur food-interaction.
ii. Painless and comfortable. iii. Can give local effect. i.e. GI
flora.
iii. Relatively cheap and
compact. iv. Unconscious patient not able
to swallow.
iv. Various dosage form are
available. v. Inactivated by stomach acid.
e.g. penicillin.
v. Self medication is possible.
SUBLINGUAL ADMINISTRATION
The drug which is placed under the tongue and
allowed to dissolve slowly is called sublingual
administration. The sublingual mucosa offers a
rich supply of blood vessels through drugs can be
absorbed.
Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids
SUBLINGUAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
B-12 N-glycerine
COMPARISON
i. Absorbed quickly. i. If the drug is swallowed,

ii. Faster therapeutic effect. then all advantages of
drug are lost.
iii. Avoid fast-pass effect.
ii. Drug contain small dose
iv. Drug stability is better. limit.
v. Self medication is
possible.
RECTAL ADMINISTRATION
Rectal administration is reserved for certain
clinical situation, such as a vomiting patient
or medication not available in injectable form.
It's usually given in rectum.
Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.
RECTAL-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Glycerin suppositories
Panadol suppositories
COMPARISON
i. Suitable route for anti- i. Little painful &
constipation drugs. uncomfortable.
ii. Useful for children and ii. Small range of drugs
non-matured person. available.
iii. Do not undergo fast-pass iii. Sometimes need expert
effect. person to administrate
iv. Self medication is on children.
possible.
INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION
It is a process by which injection of drug is
given directly into the vein.
Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer

treatment.
IV-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
IV-infusion process Intravenous Injection

COMPARISON
i. Therapeutic effect seen i. Aseptic technique is must
immediately. required.
ii. More suitable for large ii. Painful and costly.
volume administration. iii. Short duration of action.
iii. Does not need to be iv. Require supporting
absorbed. equipment. such as
iv. Suitable for unconscious, infusion set.
non-cooperative patient. v. Self-medication is
v. Avoid fast-pass effect. difficult.
INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION
It is the process by which drug is injected into the
area of a large muscle.
Example: Anesthetic Injection
IM-ADMINISTRATED DRUGS
Intramuscular Injection
COMPARISON
i. Provide rapid absorption. i. Supporting equipment
ii. Lowest risk of damage is required.
adjacent nerves and blood ii. May be painful.
vessels.
iii. Sometimes also costly.
iii. Rapid onset of action.
iv. Non-soluble(in water)
iv. Slightly irritant drug can drugs are not
be given. acceptable. such as
v. Moderate volume of drug Valium, Librium.
may given. v. Self-medication is
vi. Avoid fast-pass effect. difficult.
SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION
Administration of fluid via subcutaneous route is
called subcutaneous administration. In this process,
injection of a liquid into the layer of tissue just
below the dermis but above the muscle layer.
Example: Insulin
SUBCUTANEOUS-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set

COMPARISON
i. Minimize the risks i. Slower absorption of drug.
associated with the IM ii. possibility of inflammation
injection. and irritation at infusion
ii. Easy to take by patient. site.
iii. Less expensive than IV iii. Can be form leakage of
therapy. subcutaneous site.
iv. Relatively safe and cost iv. can be create allergic
effective. reaction.
v. Avoid fast-pass effect. v. Limitation in volume of
drugs.
INHALATION ADMINISTRATION
The inhalation administration is used for
drugs that can be dispersed in an aerosol or
that vaporize easily.
Example : Nitrous oxide for general

anesthesia.
INHALATION-ADMINISTRATED
DRUGS
Inhalation Device
COMPARISON
i. Provide rapid drug i. Only used for gaseous
delivery across form drugs those can
alveolar membrane. be dispersed in an
ii. Produce rapid action. aerosol.
iii. Avoid toxicity and ii. Special equipment is

first-pass effect. required.
iv. Absorption of gas are

efficient.
WE SHOULD CONCERN........
Drugs show their
pharmacological action
when absorbed by the
systemic circulation and
distribution into the
interstitial and
intracellular fluid. For
absorption to take place
the drug must be
administered in the
appropriate manner.
THE END
Thank You All


Route of Drug Administration

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PRESENTATION ON

ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

•Drug design and delivery is a Multidisciplinary field

Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable

i. Easy to take and portable. i. Give fast-pass effect.

Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids

i. Absorbed quickly. i. If the drug is swallowed,

Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.

Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer

IV-infusion process Intravenous Injection

Example: Anesthetic Injection

Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set

Example : Nitrous oxide for general

iii. Avoid toxicity and ii. Special equipment is

iv. Absorption of gas are

Thank You All

Example: Tablets , Capsules ,Chewable

Example: Nitroglycerin ,Steroids

i. Absorbed quickly. i. If the drug is swallowed,

Example: Aspirin or chlorpromazine.

Example: Chemotherapy drugs for cancer

IV-infusion process Intravenous Injection

Example: Anesthetic Injection

Subcutaneous Insulin Pump with infusion set

Example : Nitrous oxide for general

iii. Avoid toxicity and ii. Special equipment is

iv. Absorption of gas are

Thank You All

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