Minerals and plant growth

Magnesuim(Mg) Nitrate
 It is needed to make the green pigment chlorophyll  These are needed so that the plant can convert
 so, less magnesuim:
 leaves the plant look yellow instead of green carbohydrates to proteins.
 It cannot grow well, because it does not have much Proteins are essential for making new cells, so that
chlorophyll to absorb energy from sunlight, the plant can grow well.
 and so it cannot photosynthesise as much as it So, less nitrogen,
should. leaves die and the plant stays small, like these maize
(corn) plants.
 Nitrogen is also needed to make chlorophyll.
 The carbon cycle
• Carbon(C) is a :
element
Non-metal
• Diamond is made of carbon
• Pencil lead is made of graphite which is another form of carbon element
• Organisms use carbon as a compound that make up cells as:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
 CARBON CYCLE-Proccess of organisms getting carbon atoms
Carbon dioxide(Carbon For photosynthesis
Plant take in Produce Carbohydrates
Converts into
Proteins We get proteins
atoms present in air) Carbon dioxide and fats form
(carbon atoms and fats
present) plants and
animals
 Returning carbon dioxide to the air
• This happens when plants and
animal respire.
• Respiration equation:
Glucose + oxygen →
carbon dioxide + water
• Do plants respire? Yes - Why do you think
it is?
• Decomposers respire, too. As they break
down waste products from plants and
animals, they release carbon dioxide into
the air.
 Fossil fuels and combustion
• When organisms die, decomposers do not necessarily break them down
swiftly. Sometimes their bodies end up in regions with little oxygen, like
as a peat bog or deep in the ocean. The decomposers cannot breathe in
these areas because there is little oxygen.
• Instead, the species' remains are progressively buried as additional dirt
accumulates on top of them. High pressure and heat convert their ashes
into fossil fuels such as:
1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Gas
• Oil and natural gas formed when tiny marine organisms died and fell to
the sea bed. The oil is brought up through the pipes, and taken ashore to
be used as fuel.
 Summary of carbon cycle
Photosynthesis Formation of fossil
Respiration Feeding
fuels

Combusion Decomposition
• Coal was created by the decomposition of
plants that flourished in vast marshes.
• Their remnants were buried for millions of
years, gradually transforming into coal. Coal
is extracted from the ground and used as a
fuel for cooking or heating houses, but the
majority of it is utilized in power plants to
create electricity.
• Carbon is present in fossil fuels. This was
derived from the deceased creatures' carbs,
lipids, and proteins.
• When we burn a fossil fuel, the carbon in it
reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce
carbon dioxide. This is referred to as
combustion.
• The creation and burning of fossil fuels can
Fossils and fossil fuels are not the same thing.
be included to the flow diagram. The
A fossil is the remains of a creature or evidence of it that has solidified into rock, such its
finished diagram is known as the carbon
burrows. In a fossil, the organism's form is still visible. However, fossil fuels do not resemble
cycle.
living things at all, and gas and oil are not even classified as rocks. The reason fossil fuels get
this moniker is because, similar to fossils, they were generated extremely long ago and buried
beneath the earth.
 Climate change
• 2 Greenhouse gases:
1. Carbon dioxide traps heat energy
from sun keeps the earth warm
2. methane
Carbon dioxide;
Carbon dioxide levels in the
atmosphere are increasing.This is
affecting the climate on Earth, by
increasing the earths temperature.
(keeps the earth warm)
Without Carbon dioxide earth would
be a frozen place
 CLIMATE CHANGES ON EARTH IN
THE PAST
• Ice ages • Snowball Earth
In the colder periods, called ice the whole Earth was covered with ice
ages, there was ice at the poles. and snow. Scientists call this ‘snowball
2 billion years ago Earth’, or sometimes ‘slushball Earth’,
because they are not sure whether
everything was completely frozen.
meteoroids- 650 million years ago
Objects in space that are smaller than
an asteroid
meteors.
When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere
 Climate change today and in
the future
• Now, temperatures on Earth are increasing Due to increase in carbon dioxide
concentration(carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas) traps heat energy close to
the Earth’s surface.
When carbon dioxide concentrations increase,
more heat is trapped,
Temperature increase,
Finally,atmosphere heat increases.
Impacts of climate change
 increases the chance
Increase Increase energy of extreme weather
temperature in atmosphere (hurricanes and
typhoons)

Extreme weather events;

 The changing climate is also making it more difficult for people in some parts
of the world to grow crops.
 Rains may come late, or might not come at all. Or rain may fall when it
doesn’t normally fall – or fall much more heavily, causing flooding.
Less predictable rainfall
 When rains fail:
• people may lose their harvests.
 Long droughts also increase the risk of wildfires.
 All of these changes affect not only people, but also plants and animals.
 Water expands as it is heated
• Earthes mean temperature
increase Sea temperature Water expands as it
increases is heated

Melting ice caps sea level rises

and glaciers add
extra water to
the oceans.