• These are formed by natural

processes of decomposition of dead

and burried plants, and animals and
other organisms.
• They got burried under oceans and
layers of earth millions of year ago
and with time, high pressure and
high temperature they formed fossil
fuels.
• The fossil fuels are found in mines.
• These mines contain high
percentages of carbons and mainly
includes coal, petroleum and natural
gas.
• It is hard rock which can be burned as a solid fossil
fuel.
• It is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock
formed from dead vegetation.
• It is considered as non-renewable source of energy
because it takes to much time to form.
• It is a readily combustible rock containing more
than 50% organic matter {carbon} by weight, and
70% carbonaceous material.
• It was formed around 300 million ago when the
earth was covered with swampy forests.
• When plants and animals died they fell into
swamps and formed thick layer of dead
vegetation.
• As the years passed, more and more plants died
and many such layers were formed, one above
each other.
• The topmost layers compressed the layer below.
Heat and pressure caused some physical and
chemical changes and eventually, some carbon-
rich deposits were formed.
Coal formed can be of 3 type; depending
on the type of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
they contain.

1. Anthracite coal
2. Bituminous coal
3. Lignite coal
• Coal is used as a solid fuel to
produce electricity.

• Coal is used as a solid fuel to

produce heat through
combustion.
There are 2 ways to mine coal :-

• Surface mining
• Underground mining
• It is a fossil fuels that naturally occurs in the
liquid form created by the decomposition of
organic matter beneath the surface of the earth
millions of years ago.

• It is formed by the combination of hydro

carbons and other substances, mainly sulphur.

• The petroleum extracted from oil wells is impure

and therefore called crude oil.
• Petroleum products are obtained as a result of
refining crude oil in oil refineries.

• There are numerous products that are created

from petroleum.

• Products of petroleum alone provides scope to

obtained 6000+ new products to name a few
fertilizers, perfumes, insecticides, soaps,
vitamins, petroleum jelly, etc.
• It is a high density fuel.

• It is easy to extract.

• It can be stored, shipped and piped

over distance.

• It provides a stable energy resource.

• Carbon monoxide is a very poisonous gas. If
• carbon
Sulphurmonoxide gets into
dioxide attacks theour blood
lungs stream,
causing
• In
it addition
stops
bronchitis to
redand carbon
blood and
cells
other fromhydrogen,
diseases.carryingcoal
Sulphur and
oxygen
petroleum
from lungsalsothe
contain nitrogen and sulphur
dioxide alsotodissolves
rest of the body
in rainwater causing
making
elements.
suffocation.When coal, and petroleum based
it acidic.
fuels (like petrol and diesel) are burnt, the
products of combustion are: Carbon dioxide,
•• Water,
Carbon
Just like dioxide
sulphur
Sulphur isdioxide,
a greenhouse
dioxide andnitrogengasoxides
Nitrogen which
oxides.
traps
attacksun’s heat energy
the breathing falling
system onalso
and the cause
earth.
The
acid burning
rain. of more and more of fossil
fuels is increasing the amount of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere causing increased
greenhouse effect leading to global warming.
The steps which can be taken to conserve coal and
petroleum are:
1. Use stairs to climb instead of taking a lift. This
will save electricity.
2. Pressure cookers should be used for cooking
food to save fuels like kerosene and LPG.
3. Renewable fuels like cooking gas (LPG) and
CNG should be used.
4. Solar machines like solar cookers, solar panel,
solar water heaters should be used whenever
possible.
5. The use of biogas as domestic fuel should be
encouraged .
•Nandini Verma
•Radhika Tyagi
•Kirti
•Suhana Batool
•Aayushi Manishi
•Zuweriya
•Prabhakar Royal