GROUP 1

Social
INSTITUTI
ONS
 O N T E 1. Introduction
C 2. Types of Social
N T Institutions
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
 INTRODUC
TION
Social institutions are the established patterns of beliefs, behaviors and
relationships that organize social life. Social institutions exist to meet
society's fundamental needs, such as providing structure, guidance and
order. Common examples of social institutions include family, religion,
education and government.
 SCHOOL CHURCH

TYPES OF
SOCIAL
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION ECONOMY

FAMILY
FAMI
LY
• THE SMALLEST SOCIAL INSTITUTION WITH THE UNIQUE
FUNCTION OR PRODUCING AND REARING THE YOUNG.

• IT IS THE BASIC UNIT OF PHILIPPINE SOCIETY AND THE

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM WHERE THE CHILD BEGINS TO
LEARN HIS ABC.

• THE BASIC AGENT OF SOCIALIZATION BECAUSE IT IS HERE

WHERE THE INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPS VALUES, BEHAVIORS,
AND WAYS OF LIFE THROUGH INTERACTION WITH
MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY (VEGA, 2004).
 CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FILIPINO FAMILY

• The family is closely knit and has strong family ties.

• The Filipino family is usually extended one and therefore, big.

• In the Filipino family, kinship ties are extended to include the “compadre” or
sponsors.
EXAMPLES OF THE SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS OF THE
FAMILY INCLUDE:

• the nuclear family (parents and children)

• the extended family (relatives of parents and children)

• marriage- legally or formally recognized union between two individuals

• families of choice (friendship groups)

• cohabitation- practice of living together and having a sexual relationship

without being married.
• parenthood- state or role of being a parent, involving the
responsibilities, duties, and privileges associated with
raising and caring for children.

• monogamy- Practice or state of being married to or having a

sexual relationship with only one partner at a time.

• polygamy- (one man having multiple wives) or polyandry

(one woman having multiple husbands).

• divorce- married couple legally ends their marriage, usually

through a court process.
EDUCAT
ION
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TEACH SKILLS
AND KNOWLEDGE TO INDIVIDUALS. LIKE
FAMILIES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PASS
CULTURE TO THE NEXT GENERATION AND
EQUIP THEM TO FULLY PARTICIPATE IN THE
GREATER SOCIETY.
 WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF
• P R O V I D E S P R A C T I C ASCHOOLS?
L S K I L L S F O R N AV I G AT I N G
T H E A D U LT W O R L D .
• T E A C H E S VA L U E S A N D E T H I C S E S S E N T I A L F O R
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL GROWTH.
• F O S T E R S C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G , P R O B L E M - S O LV I N G ,
AND DECISION-MAKING ABILITIES.
• EQUIPS INDIVIDUALS WITH C O M M U N I C AT I O N ,
TIME M A N A G E M E N T, AND O R G A N I Z AT I O N A L
SKILLS.
• O F F E R S K N O W L E D G E O N F I N A N C I A L L I T E R A C Y,
CAREER PLANNING, AND LIFELONG LEARNING.
 EXAMPLES OF THE SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS OF
THE FAMILY INCLUDE:
• E L E M E N TA RY S C H O O L S
• MIDDLE SCHOOLS
• HIGH SCHOOLS
• SCHOOL DISTRICTS
• COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
• COMMUNITY COLLEGES
• G R A D U AT E S C H O O L
• JUNIOR COLLEGES
• TRADE SCHOOLS
RELIGI
ON
 WHAT IS
RELIGION?
IS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION THAT ANSWERS QUESTIONS AND
EXPLAINS THE SEEMINGLY INEXPLICABLE. RELIGION
PROVIDES EXPLANATIONS FOR WHY THINGS HAPPEN AND
DEMYSTIFIES THE IDEAS OF BIRTH AND DEATH. RELIGIONS
BASED ON THE BELIEF IN A SINGLE DEITY ARE
MONOTHEISTIC. THOSE THAT ENCOMPASS MANY DEITIES ARE
POLYTHEISTIC.
 MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS

Most of the world subscribes to one of the following religions:

• Christianity: The most widespread world religion, Christianity derived from

Judaism. It is based on the belief that Jesus Christ was the son of God and the
redeemer of mankind. There are many different Christian denominations.

• Islam: Followers of Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe that the true word
of God was revealed to the prophet Muhammad around 570 a.d. God in Islam is
t h e s a m e g o d a s t h e C h r i s t i a n a n d J u d a i c d e i t y.

• J u d a i s m : J u d a i s m i s a m o n o t h e i s t i c r e l i g i o n t h a t p r e d a t e s C h r i s t i a n i t y, b u i l t o n
the belief that they are the “chosen people” of God.
 d.

• Hinduism: Hinduism is the oldest major world religion, dominant in India. Hindus do not

worship a single person or deity but rather are guided by a set of ancient cultural beliefs.

They believe in the principle of karma, which is the wisdom or health of one’s eternal soul.

Karma can be strengthened with gOOD ACTS AND HARMED BY BAD ACTS. HINDUS

BELIEVE THAT KARMA PLAYS A ROLE IN REINCARNATION, A CYCLE OF

CONTINUOUS REBIRTH THROUGH WHICH, IDEALLY, THE SOUL CAN ACHIEVE

SPIRITUAL PERFECTION. THE STATE OF A PERSON’S KARMA DETERMINES IN

WHAT FORM HE OR SHE WILL BE REBORN.

 d.

• BUDDHISM: BUDDHISTS, MOST OF WHOM LIVE IN JAPAN, THAILAND,

CAMBODIA, AND BURMA, FOLLOW THE TEACHINGS OF SIDDHARTHA

GAUTAMA, A SPIRITUAL TEACHER OF THE SIXTH CENTURY B.C.E. BUDDHISM,

LIKE HINDUISM, DOES NOT FEATURE ANY SINGLE ALL-POWERFUL DEITY BUT

TEACHES THAT BY ESCHEWING MATERIALISM, ONE CAN TRANSCEND THE

“ILLUSION” OF LIFE AND ACHIEVE ENLIGHTENMENT.

 TYPES OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS
S O C I O L O G I S T S G R O U P R E L I G I O U S O R G A N I Z AT I O N S I N T O T H R E E C AT E G O R I E S :
C H U R C H , S E C T, A N D C U LT.

• A C H U R C H - I S A R E L I G I O U S G R O U P I N T E G R AT E D W I T H S O C I E T Y.
E X A M P L E : T H E R O M A N C AT H O L I C C H U R C H I S W E L L I N T E G R AT E D I N T H E S O C I E T Y
I N S PA I N .

• A S E C T- I S A R E L I G I O U S G R O U P T H AT S E T S I T S E L F A PA R T F R O M S O C I E T Y A S A
WHOLE.
E X A M P L E : T H E A M I S H O F P E N N S Y LVA N I A A R E A C L A S S I C S E C T. T H O U G H
C H R I S T I A N , T H E Y C H O O S E T O S E T T H E M S E LV E S A PA R T F R O M T H E R E S T O F
S O C I E T Y B Y T H E I R L I F E S T Y L E , W H I C H E S C H E W S M A N Y A S P E C T S O F M O D E R N I T Y.

• A C U LT- I S A R E L I G I O U S G R O U P T H AT I S O U T S I D E S TA N D A R D C U LT U R A L
N O R M S , T Y P I C A L LY C E N T E R E D A R O U N D A C H A R I S M AT I C L E A D E R .
E X A M P L E : T H E P E O P L E ’ S T E M P L E , A C U LT T H AT E M E R G E D I N T H E L AT E 1 9 7 0 S ,
WA S L E D B Y A M A N N A M E D J I M J O N E S . J O N E S S TA R T E D H I S C U LT I N S A N
FRANCISCO, THEN CONVINCED SEVERAL HUNDRED FOLLOWERS TO MOVE WITH
ECONO
MY
 The economy is a system that focuses on the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a
society
 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
A Capitalist Economy is a system where private entities
control the factors of production like labour, natural resources
or capital goods.

A Socialist Economy is an economic system where the

factors of production like labour, natural resources or capital
goods are under the control of the government.
 Examples of secondary economic institutions are:

• banking • socialism
• businesses • stock market
• capitalism • trust companies
• communism
• welfare
• corporations
capitalism
• credit unions
• insurance companies
• limited partnerships
• property ownership
 Individuals engage in economic institutions to make a
living to support themselves and their families. It helps
them to procure the goods and services they require, and to
sell other goods and services that others need.
GOVERN
MENT
 It is a system or group of people governing an organized
c o m m u n i t y, o f t e n a s t a t e .
The purpose of government includes maintaining order by
creating rules and providing law and order to protect
p e o p l e f r o m c o n f l i c t s . A d d i t i o n a l l y, g o v e r n m e n t s p r o v i d e
p u b l i c s e r v i c e s , e n s u r e n a t i o n a l s e c u r i t y, c o n t r o l t h e
economic system, and organize to prevent outside attacks.
 TYPES OF
GOVERNMENT
1.Democracy:
⚬ Definition: Democracy is a system of government where power is
vested in the people, who rule either directly or through elected
representatives.
⚬ Key Features:
￭ Free and fair elections
￭ Rule of law
￭ Protection of minority rights
⚬ Examples: United States, United Kingdom, India
2. Dictatorship:
⚬ Definition: Dictatorship is a form of government where power
is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small
group, often without meaningful checks and balances.
⚬ Key Features:
￭ Authoritarian rule
￭ Limited political freedoms
￭ Suppression of dissent
⚬ Examples: North Korea, Syria, Zimbabwe (under Robert
Mugabe)
3. Monarchy:
⚬ Definition: Monarchy is a system of government where a single
individual, usually a monarch (king, queen, emperor, etc.),
holds supreme authority and may exercise it directly or through
representatives.
⚬ Key Features:
￭ Hereditary succession
￭ Symbolic or ceremonial role
￭ Constitutional or absolute monarchy variations
⚬ Examples: United Kingdom (constitutional monarchy), Saudi
Arabia (absolute monarchy)
4. Republic:
⚬ Definition: A republic is a form of government where the
country's sovereignty is held by the people or their elected
representatives,
⚬ rather than a monarch.
⚬ Key Features:
￭ Elected head of state
￭ Separation of powers
￭ Rule of law
⚬ Examples: United States, France, Italy
5. Theocracy:
• Definition: A theocracy is a system of government where religious
leaders or institutions hold political power, and religious law
governs the society.
• Key Features:
⚬ Fusion of religious and political authority
⚬ Religious laws and doctrines influence governance
⚬ Limited secular freedoms
• Examples: Iran, Vatican City, Saudi Arabia
6. Oligarchy:
• Definition: Oligarchy is a form of government where power rests
with a small, elite group, such as a wealthy class, military junta, or
political party.
• Key Features:
⚬ Concentration of power among a few individuals or groups
⚬ Limited political participation
⚬ Influence through wealth, military might, or political
connections
• Examples: Russia (during certain periods), South Africa (during
apartheid), Ancient Sparta
 Three Branches of Government

• Executive: enforces the laws

• Legislative: is responsible for making laws

• Judicial: evaluates laws to ensure they align with the

Constitution.
 Secondary institutions of the state include:

• authoritarianism
• bureaucracy
• Congress
• democracy
• lobbyists (interest groups)
• political parties
• monarchy
• totalitarianism
THAN
K