Science 10

Lesson 6
Prepared by:

LORRAINE C. RODRIGUEZ
Teacher-II
Unlocking
Difficulties
It is the union of sperm
and egg cell.
F_RT_L_ _ATI_N

FERTILIZATION
It is the release of a mature
ovum from the ovary.
O_ _L_ TI_N
OVULATION
The process of shedding the
uterine lining .

M_N_T_ U_TI_N
MENSTRUATION
Menstruation
It is the process of
shedding the uterine
lining if an ovum is not
fertilized.
 Menstrual Cycle
•the time from one menstruation to another
• first day of period to first day of next period
• usually 28 days
•starts at puberty and continues until
menopause
• due to increase levels of hormones
•purpose is to prepare the body for fertilization
… get ready to have a baby
Arrange the Stages of Menstrual
Cycle:
3 ovulation
1 menstruation
2 body is preparing for egg
egg travel through the fallopian tube
4 to the uterus waiting to be fertilized
 4 Stages of the Cycle
1.Days 1-8 menstruation …
menstrual period
• about 5-7 days average …
not always
 4 Stages of the Cycle
2. Days 9-13 … days before
release egg
•hormones cause an egg to
mature in one ovary
•body is preparing for egg
 4 Stages of the Cycle
3. Day 14 … ovulation …
• egg is released into one
fallopian tube
• 14 days before menstrual
period
 4 Stages of the Cycle
4. Days 15-28 … days after egg
is released
•egg travel through the
fallopian tube to the uterus
waiting to be fertilized
 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1. menstruation
2. body is preparing for egg
3. ovulation
4. egg travel through the fallopian tube to
the uterus waiting to be fertilized
THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW
• the average length of the menstrual cycle is 28 days, however
……
• it is normal for the cycle to be longer or shorter
• Blood passing out of the body is about 3-10 table spoons
• This is blood the body does not need so it does not make the
women ill or weak
• the most likely time to get pregnant is around ovulation time
• ovulation occurs on or about 14 days before your period starts
regardless of the length of your cycle
• to count the days of the menstrual cycle:
day 1 – first day of menstrual period
last day of cycle – day before your period starts
again
• Menstruation continues until menopause
 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW
• the average length of the menstrual cycle is 28 days, however ……
• it is normal for the cycle to be longer or shorter
• Blood passing out of the body is about 3-10 table spoons
• This is blood the body does not need so it does not make the women ill or weak
• the most likely time to get pregnant is around ovulation time
• ovulation occurs on or about 14 days before your period starts regardless of the
length of your cycle
• to count the days of the menstrual cycle:
day 1 – first day of menstrual period
last day of cycle – day before your period starts again
• Menstruation continues until menopause
 Things You Should Know
The most likely time to get
pregnant is around
time.
MENSTRUATION
OVULATION
Things You Should Know
How many days is the
average length of the
menstrual cycle?
25 28
 Things You Should Know
Ovulation occurs on or about 14 days
before your period starts regardless of
the length of your cycle.

TRUE FALSE
Things You Should Know
Menstruation continues
until menopause.

TRUE FALSE
 Things You Should Know
It is normal for the cycle
to be longer or shorter.
TRUE FALSE
 Things You Should Know
How many table spoons of blood
passes out of the body during
menstruation.
3-10 5-15
 Things You Should Know
The menstrual blood
makes women ill or weak
TRUE FALSE
 Menstrual Problems
A variety of menstrual problems can affect
girls. Some of the more common conditions
are:
•cramps
•mood swings or sadness
 Menstrual Problems
A variety of menstrual problems can affect girls.
Some of the more common conditions are:

Less often ……
• painful periods
• very heavy periods with excess bleeding.
• missed or infrequent periods, even though she's
been menstruating for a while and isn't pregnant.
 Problems of the Female Reproductive System

Infertility:
This is the inability to get pregnant. It may be due to
blocked fallopian tubes, a failure to produce eggs,
endometriosis, or and STD left untreated.

Ovarian cysts:
These are growths on the ovary. Symptoms of ovarian
cysts include a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen and
abdominal pain, swelling, and bloating.
 Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Infections - Vaginitis – inflammation of vaginal tissue,
Yeast infections; Symptoms include inflammation of
vaginal tissue, discharge, burning, itching, and painful
urination

Toxic shock syndrome - Associated with tampon use

and some contraceptive devises symptoms include:
fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, rash
 Problems of the Female Reproductive System

Cancer – Breast – Cervical

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

These are diseases spread through sexual contact.
 Problems of the Male Reproductive System

Prostate Cancer– is the most common type of cancer and

the second leading cause of cancer death in people carrying
prostate gland.

Erectile Dysfunction- a sexual dysfunction

characterized by the regular and repeated inability of a
sexually mature individual to obtain or maintain an
erection. It is a common disorder that affects about 40
percent of people with penises.
 Problems of the Female Reproductive System
Gonorrhea–a sexually transmitted disease caused by
the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It infects the
mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including
the urethra in men. Infections can also infect the
mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.

HIV/AIDS - HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is

a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is
not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome).
 Gynecologist
• a physician who specializes in caring for the female
reproductive system

• women should start to see a gynecologist by about

age 18 or when they begin to be sexually active
 Caring for The Female
Reproductive System
• Shower or bathe daily
S • Sanitary pads and tampons should be changed
often

P
• Practice abstinence from sex
• Perform self breast examinations
• Get medical attention for signs of infection

G • Visit Gynecologist
What happens if an egg is not fertilized?
It is eliminated from the body through
menstruation ... Woman has her period

What happens if it is fertilized?

An egg that is fertilized moves down into
uterus and implants in the endometrium and
develops into a baby….. No period
What are the three most important
functions of the female reproductive
system?

• to store eggs/ova
• to create an off spring …..
• to allow fertilization to occur
• to nourish and protect the fertilized egg until it is ready to live
outside the female’s body
• to give birth