Philosophical Bases of

Special and Inclusive

s
Education (Inclusivity)
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(Equality)
 What is PHILOSOPHY?
● Philosophy is the mother of education and education gives birth to
Philosophy.
● Philosophy furnishes the goals of life and education gives the means
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to achieve those goals

 The major
Philosophies of
Education can be
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 Teacher Centered
Philosophies – are those
that transfer knowledge
from one generation of
teachers to the next.
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 Student Centered Philosophy –
focuses more on training
individual students. These
philosophies place more
emphasizes on the individuality
of students on helping them to
realize their potential.
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 Society Centered
Philosophy – go beyond
focusing on the student
and focus instead on a
group or a population
society centered
philosophies.
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 IN
INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
Every child has the right to quality
education and learning.
Disability is one of the most serious
barriers to education across the
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globe.
 IN
INCLUSIVE
According to the National Center for
EDUCATION
Education Statistics, there were 6
million students receiving special
education services in the 2015-2016
school year.
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 IN
INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
Participation of students with
exceptional needs in inclusive
settings is based on the philosophy
of equality, sharing, participation
and the worth and dignity of
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 IN
INCLUSIVE
According to, Stainback, W. & Stainback, S.
(1990)EDUCATION
“An inclusive school is a place where
everyone belongs, is accepted, supports and
is supported by his or her peers and other
members of the school community in the
course of having his or her educational
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needs met”.
 EQUALITY IN
SPECIAL EDUCATION

Equality is the provision of equal treatment,

access, and opportunity to resources and
opportunities (Gunn, 2018). Essentially,
everyone gets the same thing, regardless of
where they come from or what needs they
might have.
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 EQUITY IN
SPECIAL
EDUCATION
Equity in education refers to the principle of
fairness. It means making sure that individual
and economic cooperation are not
obstructions to achieving educational
potential.
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 References:

• Marius Becker/Corbis (May 2019) The Value of Inclusive Education Retrived from:
opensocietyfoundations/explainers/value-inclusive- education

• Dr Sudhakar (Jan 3, 2018) "INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IS THE FOUNDATION OF

EQUITY AND COLLABORATION" Retrieved from: linkedin/pulse/inclusive-education-
foundation-equity- collaboration-ms-jemi-sudhakar

• Yale Center for Teaching and Learning “Inclusive Teaching Strategies” Retrieved from:
poorvucenter.yale/InclusiveTeachingStrategies

• National Society of High School Scholars (May 11, 2021) “Importance of Equality in
Education” Retrieved from: nshss/blog/equity-vs- equality-in-education-why-both-are-essential-in-
today-s- classrooms/#:~:text=Equality%20in%20education%20is%20necessary,need %20extra
%20help%20and%20attention.

• Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (2008-2022) Equality Act: Retrieved from:
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• csie.org/inclusion/equality-act-2010.shtml#:~:text=Under %20the%20Equality%20Act
%202010,religion%20or%20belief%2C%20or %20sex.