Date 04/19/24 © Aperam 1

Presentation of High Yield

Strength Alloys (HYS)
What is an « HYS » grade in Aperam Alloys Imphy ?

Also called : Maraging steels (MARtensite + AGeING )

Special alloys with very high mechanical & technical properties combining :

- good ductility (elongation when strengthening) that makes

Before heat treatment :
easier the shape process of parts
- After heat treatment : : an exceptional resistance to fatigue and to mechanical
requests

cf Comparison between HYS alloys & steels

Date 04/19/24 © Aperam 3

Positioning of HYS alloys
An important resistance to fatigue

Rm (MPa)
2500 Maraging after heat
2400 treatment
2300
2200
2100
2000 Heat treatment (aging)
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500 HYS alloys before
1400 heat treatment
1300
1200
Hardening + tempering
1100
1000 Martensitic carbon steels
900
before hardening
800 Stainless steels before
700 hardening / cold rolling
600 Harderning + tempering Standard carbon steels
500 (steel420)
400
300 Cold rolling (316, 301 steels)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Elongation ( %)
Positioning of HYS alloys
An excellent tensile strength

Rp0.2%
(MPa)
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100 Maraging after heat
2000 treatment
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300 HYS alloys before
1200 heat treatment
1100
1000
900
800
700 Stainless steels
600 before hardening
500
400
Martensitic steels before hardening
300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A ( %)
Comparison with carbon steels & stainless steels

E l a s t i c l i mi t a f t e r h e a t t r e a t me n t
10

4
We l d a b i l i t y Re s i s t a nc e t o f a t i g ue + t e na c i t y
2

0
HYS a lloy
Ma rt e nsit ic c a rbon st e e ls
Ma rt e nsit ic st a inle ss st e e ls

R e s i s t a n c e t o e n v i r o n me n t Ha b i l i t y t o s h a p e p r o c e s s

Difference of features between HYS alloys

HYS alloys are distinguished by :

- A good capacity to shape process, before heat treatment,

combined with an outstanding mechanical resistance
after treatment of the part itself.

- A high mechanical strength (~ hardness),

allowing a wide scope of mechanical requests when in use,
without breaking neither deforming permanently.
 Other values to place HYS alloys

HYS alloys Martensitic Martensitic

stainless steels carbon steels

Elastic limit Rp0.2% (MPa) >1800 1150 700

After heat treatment

Breaking-down point Rm (MPa) > 1950 1500 1000

After heat treatment

A50(%) Elongation 50 40 30
After heat treatment / hardening

Coefficient of expansion between 0°C 9.5 x 10-6 11 x 10-6 11 x 10-6

and 100°C(°C-1) (=> dimensional
stability)

Hardness - HV (MPa) 650-750 650 800

After heat treatment / hardening

Impact strength / Resilience 400 250 300

Our product range

APERAM HYS alloys

DURIMPHY® Fe-Ni-Co

PHYTIME® Fe-Ni-Co-Mo

PHYNOX® Co-Cr-Ni-Fe-Mo

DURPHYNOX Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu

DURINVAL®C Ni-Cr-Ti-Fe
Classification of Aperam HYS alloys

Very
Very high
high mechanical
mechanical strength
strength
&
&
Additional
Additional propertie(s)
propertie(s)

Excellent
Excellentresistance
resistanceto
toenvironment
environment High
Highresistance
resistanceto
tofatigue
fatigue
Good
Goodresistance
resistanceto
to Steady
Steady
-Static
-Staticor
ordynamic
dynamiccorrosion
corrosion Tenacity
Tenacity
environment
environment thermo-elastic
thermo-elasticmodule
module
--Amagnetism
Amagnetism&&bio-compatibility
bio-compatibility Elasticity
Elasticitymodule
module:: Hability
Habilityto
toshape
shapeprocess
process
-Corrosion
-Corrosion independent
independentfrom
from
-High
-Hightemperature
temperature(500°C)
(500°C) Dimensional
Dimensionalstability
stability
-High
-Hightemperature
temperature temperature
temperature
-Low
-Lowtemperature
temperature(-160°C)
(-160°C) No
Nofragility
fragilityat
atcold
coldtemperatures
temperatures

Phynox®
Phynox® Durphynox
Durphynox Durinval®C
Durinval®C Durimphy®
Durimphy® Phytime®
Phytime®
Mapping
Excellente spring
capacity
12

Nivaflex
10
Phynox
S pring lf le x
Durim phy Durp hy no x
Phytim e

DurinvalC 8

Low
resistance 6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Excellent
against
resistance
corrosion
to corrosion

4
Nuances Aperam
Nuances concurrentes
17-7ph Springlflex

2 316

304
17-4ph

Low spring capacity

 Spring capacity

300

250

200
E (GPa)

150
316
304 Phynox
Durimphy
100 Phytime
Durphynox

50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Rp0,2 (MPa)
Remember the « F.A.B. » of HYS alloys !

Features
• Martensitic alloys (Durimphy® Phytime®) or austenitic (Phynox®)

• Hardenable by cold-rolling
• Additional hardening after heat treatment at moderated temperature (+/- 500°C)
without any major dimensional modification.

Advantages
 Outstanding resistance to fatigue
 Important resistance to relaxation
 High temperature in use
 Amagnetism (Phynox®)
Triple Benefit
 Corrosion-resistant (Phynox®, Durphynox® )
 No fragile at cold temperatures  Unique performances (ie. : spring effects, amagnetism,
 Reduction of gap between non welded & welded areas (after heat biocompatibility, etc)
treatment)
 Easier shape process (reduced time, simple annealing
without hardening)
 Longer life & higher profitability
of components

Optimal payback of investment

Examples of applications for Durimphy®
Components for automotive, watch industry, …

Longer life
Less service costs

Courroie CVT
CVT* belt
(Continuous
(*Continuous Variable
Variable
Transmission)
Transmission)
Free wheel in
Repeated mechanical cycles
« Stop & go » starters
for long time
Ultra precise shapes

Other examples … :
• Bunker grid
• Missile springs
• Springs of shape for analog
Holder for Piezzo injector
Watch mechanisms quartz watches
• Ball bearing
Examples of applications for Phynox®
Components for Medical, Watch, Oil & Gas industry …

Diagnosis needles
Other examples … :
• Medical : Pacemakers, stents, catheters,…
• Automotive : ABS systems
• Gaskets for oil & gas valves
Bio-compatibility with human tissues • aero parts
• Springs & parts of watches

Clips for
neurosurgery Elastic properties combined with
corrosion-resistance

Endoscopic tubes Gaskets for oil & gas

valves

Spring around
watch
mechanism
Thank you for your attention

Fin

Date 04/19/24 © Aperam 16