TYPES OF NETWORKS

The three most common types of network infrastructures

are:
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include:

 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
 Storage Area Network (SAN ,cetralized storized)
 CAN
LAN
LAN
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LAN)
 Local Area Network (LAN)
• LAN: A Local Area Network connects network devices over a
relatively short distance. A network in office building, school, or
home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one
building will contain a few small LANs.
• The data transfer speed of Local Area Network is generally high
MBPS.
 Wired LANs

     

Ethernet hub
 WIRELESS LANS

Figure 1-35. (a) Wireless networking with a base station. (b) Ad hoc networking.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

A LAN is a group of computers, printers and other

interconnected devices.

Characteristics of a LAN include:

 Limited geographic operation
 High speed data transfer rates
 Full time connectivity to local services
 Generally lower in cost than a WAN
 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS

MAN: The interconnection

of networks in a city into
a single larger network
will be termed as MAN. It
is also used to mean the
interconnection of several
local area networks. A
MAN connects an area
larger than a LAN.
MAN
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

WAN: Wide Area Network is

a collection of networks
spread over a geographical
area. The interconnected
networks may be
anywhere from several
hundred miles away to
each other. A WAN
connects an area larger
than a MAN.
 WIDE AREA NETWORKS (WAN)

Presentation_ID
NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The network topology

defines the way in which
computers, printers, and
other devices are
connected. A network
topology describes the
layout of the wire and
devices as well as the
paths used by data
transmissions.
 BUS TOPOLOGY

Commonly referred to as
a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus topology
are connected by one
single cable.
 RING TOPOLOGY
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node wants
to transmit data, it adds the data as
well as the destination address to the
frame.
The frame then continues around the
ring until it finds the destination
node, which takes the data out of the
frame.
Single ring – All the devices on the
network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
RING TOPOLOGY (LAN)
Redundant ring to avoid
network failure
• Repeaters at each
component
• Unidirectional
transmission links
• Closed loop
• Typically used
in FDDI networks
• FDDI (Fiber Distributed
Data Interface) is a fiber
optics based protocol which
runs on a 1000 Mbps
logical ring topology.
STAR TOPOLOGY (LAN)

Center: hub, repeater,

or concentrator

5 to 100+ devices
 STAR TOPOLOGY

In a star topology, each station is connected to a central hub or

concentrator that functions as a multi-port repeater. Each
station broadcasts to all of the devices connected to the hub.
Physical LAN topologies are usually characterised as either
bus or ring. Note that a LAN's Physical and Logical topology
often differs.
 Star Topology :
Advantages/Disadvantages
The primary advantage of the star
topology is that a cable break
usually affects only one workstation.
Workstations can be added easily,
without affecting the entire network.

The main disadvantage is the

 MESH TOPOLOGY
The mesh topology connects all
devices (nodes) to each other
for redundancy and fault
tolerance.
It is used in WANs to
interconnect LANs and for
mission critical networks like
those used by banks and
financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh topology
is expensive and difficult.
more cable is required
LAN TRANSMISSION METHODS

LAN transmission methods fall into 3 main

categories:

 Unicast transmission
 Multicast transmission
 Broadcast transmission
UNICAST TRANSMISSION

In unicast transmissions, a single data packet is sent

from a source to a single destination on the network.

Unicast Process
The source addresses the packet with the destination address.
The packet is sent into the network.
The network delivers the packet to the destination.
MULTICAST TRANSMISSION

In multicast transmissions, a single data packet is copied

and sent to specific destinations on the network

Multicast Process
The source addresses the packet using a multicast address.
The packet is sent into the network.
The network copies the packet.
A copy is delivered to each destination that is included in the
multicast address.
BROADCAST TRANMISSION

In broadcast transmissions, a single data packet is copied

and sent from a source to all destinations on the network.

Broadcast Process
The source addresses the packet with the broadcast address.
The packet is sent into the network.
The network copies the packet.
The packet copies are delivered to all destinations on the network
THE INTERNET
INTRANET AND EXTRANET
 Client-Server Applications

A network with two clients and one server.

 CLIENT-SERVER MODEL

The client-server model involves requests and replies.

?