RIZAL IN THE

CONTEXT OF
NINETEENTH-
,Group 1CENTURY
- Cervantes, Rupert Bryan S.
Rosas, Sofia Francheska R.

PHILIPPINES.
Umipig, Nikole Rofelaid A.
 Why did Schumacher write
this
• Contextualize Rizal's article?
nationalist thought within the 19th-
century.
• Discuss the economic, political, cultural, and religious factors
that shaped Rizal's journey as a nationalist thinker.
• Address the tendency to misinterpret Rizal's words due to lack
of historical context.
• Advocate for a deeper understanding of Rizal's ideas for
genuine veneration.
Introduct
ion
 Overview of
Economic Growth
The period of economic growth in the Philippines began around 1830 and continued
until the end of the 19th century.

The growth was mainly driven by the expansion of an export economy, which led to
increased prosperity for the middle and upper classes and the Western merchants
involved in the trade.
 Exports, Imports, and
Total Trade
The data provided shows the significant increase in exports, imports,
and total trade during this period.

Year Exports Imports Total Trade

1825 1,000,000 1,800,000 2,800,000
1875 18,900,000 12,200,000 31,100,000
1895 36,600,000 25,400,000 62,000,000
 Agricultural Products and
Economic
• The primary exports during thisGrowth
period were agricultural products,
such as rice, sugar, and abaca.
• The increasing demand for rice
led to prosperity for those who
controlled the production of these
crops.
 Impact on Society
• The economic growth led to the introduction of
Western machinery and consumer goods, which were
not available before.

• It also created friction between the inquilinos

(tenants) and the hacienda owners, as land values
increased and rents were raised.
Challenging Friar Ownership and
Political Influence
• The rising prosperity among the inquilinos led to a
questioning of the friars' rights to the haciendas.

• The motive behind challenging friar ownership was

more political than economic, as it aimed to weaken
their influence in Philippine politics.
 ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
CHALLENGES IN THE
19TH CENTURY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE 19TH
1. Wealth Disparity CENTURY:
The expansion of export economies favored the Filipino elite and Western merchants, widening the
wealth gap between affluent landowners and lower-income tenants.

2. Conflicts Over Land Ownership and Rents Increasing prosperity led to conflicts over land rights
and rents, particularly on friar haciendas, where disputes intensified as land values rose.

3. Semi Feudal Exploitation

The agrarian sector maintained semifeudal relationships between landholders and tenants, leading to
unequal power dynamics and exploitation. Despite some economic progress, tenants became
increasingly dissatisfied due to rising rents and land ownership disputes, fueling social unrest.
4. Political Agendas
Political motivations also played a significant role in the disputes concerning land rights and rents.
These conflicts were not solely driven by economic factors but were influenced by aspirations for
greater political autonomy and the weaking of the friars' influence.
THANK
YOU