Pre-Test

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Motivational Activity
Make a word cloud of your understanding from your past lessons in Araling Panlipunan about
Jose Rizal in the 19th Century context

z
Processing Questions:
1. Were there any changes in terms of economic, political and social context if compared to
the present times?
Economy in the country become industrialized nation in the 20th century through
implementing policies to encourage export manufacturers and foreign investments, whereas
the rate of economic growth accelerated. But economy in the country was once monopolized
by the government (Marcos Administration) by setting up in many sectors, while subsidies
and special privileges were awarded to close associates of Marcos. Prior to that, the economy
faced a financial problem about international loans, whereas the country’s foreign debt arises
dramatically. Recession of the 1980s caused many of the crony enterprises experienced
severe financial difficulties which led to an economic crisis. But due to the improvements in
infrastructure, revamping the tax system to increase government revenues, promoting further
deregulation and privatization of the economy, and expanding trade ties in the region by
persuasion of the government of economic reforms to help the Philippines match the pace of
development in the so-called newly industrialized economies of East Asia. Consequently, in
the present times, pandemic caused by COVID-19 has been destabilizing the country’s
economy. Since due to the restrictions of the government and mandate from the local
government numerous business were stranded and closed.

However, politics in the country despite of its independency, women are now being valued
and allowed to vote and take a position. Philippines is now a Democratic-Republic whereas
before it was One System of government during Spanish colonization. Philippine has now
types of government and it has three branches namely: the executive department headed by
the president; the legislative department which includes the senators and House of
Representatives; and the judiciary headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Though, even if the country is far away from the ruling of invaders, human rights in the age
of time are still violated. Government has a lot of pending bills that would cement and pounder
the rights of every Filipino.

Social context in the country has also develops; Filipino women, usually called Filipinas,
have more social equality than women in most countries in Southeast Asia. Since precolonial
times, their social status has been generally equal to that of men. In the bilateral kinship
system that is traditional in the Philippines, descent is traced equally through both male and
female lineages. Because a woman’s lineage is equally valued, her rights to property and
inheritance are not questioned. Today educated women in the country are strongly
represented in politics, business, and the professions. At home women usually manage the
family income and are the primary caretakers of children. Meanwhile, access to education
became a right of every Filipino unlike before that only elites has the privileges to it.

2. How does it affect the nation and country today?

The political, social and economic life of the Filipinos in the present time were shaped
through since 19th Century where Spanish Colonization emerged. The revolution and mass
power of our ancestors in achieving independency and reforms before serves as an
inspiration and aspirations for a nation-building in today’s age of time. One of the significant
 impact of Spanish rule in the Philippines is the creation of a mestizo culture: Spanish-Indio
mestizo and Chinese-Indio mestizo which entrenched landed interests and a highly skewed
land distribution and the creation of social class and economic progress which may affect and
influence in today’s setting. In fact, business firms owning by Chinese or Mestizo are mostly
observed in the country. Meanwhile, today’s political structure was influenced by Spain which
established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was composed of a
National Government and the Local Government that administered provinces, cities, towns
and municipalities. These things are just few to mention about but it has a massive impact of
shaping the culture, customs, and beliefs of the Filipinos in present times.

Enrichment Activity. Using the data retrieval chart, complete and supply the table with the key
concepts learned from the readings.
Jose Rizal in the Context of Nineteenth Century Philippines

Political  Spanish colonization has brought the

 As per Jose Rizal, penalized taxes
never made its way into any sort of
relevant commodities, this exploitive
and manipulative system and the
thought of no reforms in sight was not
acceptable.
 Political context in the 19th century
shows the inability of the Spanish
Government to grow important and
significant policies and rules for
colonial territories under it.
 Also this reflect the incompetency of
the country’s government to provide
care and other necessities severely
hindered it constituents.
creation of Cortes of Cádiz in 1812
which served as the first Spanish
legislature that included delegates
from the entire empire, including
Spanish America and the Philippines.
Cortes of Cádiz has established a
constitutional monarchy. Cortes of
Cádiz has caused of the mutineers
revolution and execution of the rebels
for the fight for the country’s
independence.
 Meanwhile Spanish Governments
has failed to provide basic
prerequisites that could help
economic progress such as public
works, schools, and peace and order.
Also the needs to further progress in
agricultural the farmers in mobilizing
cash-crops through improving roads,
bridges, and other public works.

Social
 The rise of Chinese Meztizos and
Chinese-Indio mestizo entrenched
landed interests and a highly skewed
land distribution that caused the
creation of social class and economic
progress. Also, the opening of the
country to trading resulted to foreign
merchants and traders to act as the
financing and facilitating of the
agricultural cash crop, export-oriented
economy through their major
investors from British and America.
 However, shifting to cultivating of
cash-crops, land ownership and
management in the provinces became
the problem. The opportunist
hacienderos grabbed the chance of
the oppressed farmers through land
grabbing. As time goes social
stratification in the countryside
change brought by Inquilinos that
assigned for management for renting
land to sublet it to the small farmers
  In the meantime, land properties was
given much importance due to the
Galleon trade and exorbitantly use of
cash crops.
 In conclusion, 19th century gave birth
to the social stratification: middle
class and higher class Filipinos which
further strengthen the concept of both
upper and lower class.

Economic
 The condition of the country in 19th  Therefore, European travellers and
century was high-in-demand through investors was further encouraged to
rapid rising of business firms due to visit Philippines when the Suez Canal
engaging in world trades. opened.
 Due to the demand of cash crops  Meanwhile, openness of the country
such as sugar, corn, hemps, and in trading has resulted rapid rise of
others were prevalent in the 19th foreign firms in the capital city. This
century economy. has caused in high demand
 Suez Canal was the reason in agricultural production and export of
progress of the country’s economy. cash-crops in which it elevated the
This has brought European travellers lives of the numerous Filipino Family.
to explore the country and it has
served as way for the elite Filipinos to
study abroad. Jose Rizal was one of
the elite who had the chance. He has
a personal reason as well as an
altruistic reason for his decision to
study abroad and he wanted to study
the cultures, laws and governments of
European countries in order to help
his countrymen.

Post-Test
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