‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحیم‬

‫وضعیت تراک‌های الکتریکی در بازار آمریکا‬

‫نام استاد ‪ :‬دکتر بتویی‬

‫نام درس ‪ :‬آزمون‌ها و استانداردهای خودرو‬

‫نگارنده ‪ :‬محمد بیگی‬

 ۲۰۳۲ ‫ تا‬۲۰۲۲ ‫ از‬۸ ‫اندازه جهانی بازار تراک‌های کالس‬

Heavy Duty Truck market size 2022 to 2032 (USD Billion)

450

399.5
400
367.86
350 339.04
312.77
300 288.8
266.91
246.91
250
228.62
211.88
196.55
200 182.5

150

100

50

0
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032

market size
 ۲۰۳۲ ‫ تا‬۲۰۲۲ ‫سهم بازار تراک‌های سنگین در آمریکا از‬

U.S Heavy Duty Market Size 2022 to 2032 ( USD Billion)

120

105.29

100 97.04
89.52
82.66
80 76.39
70.67
65.44
60.64
60 56.26
52.23
48.54

40

20

0
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032
 ۲۰۲۳ ‫ تا‬۲۰۲۲ ‫سهم بازار تراک‌های الکتریکی آمریکا از‬

Electric Truck Market size 2022 to 2032 (USD Billion)

25

20.25
20

16.01
15
12.67

10.03
10
7.95
6.3
5
5 3.97
3.16
2.51
2

0
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032

Market size
Cl • Light Duty [0 - 2722 Kg weight limit]
as ‫کالس‌بندی تراک‌های آمریکایی‬
s1
Cl • 2a : Light Duty [2722 – 3856 Kg weight limit]
as • 2b : Light Duty [3859 – 4536 Kg weight limit]
s2
Cl • Medium Duty [4536 – 6350 Kg wight limit]
as
s3
Cl • Medium Duty [6351 – 7257 Kg weight limit]
as
s4
Cl • Medium Duty [7258 – 8845 Kg weight limit]
as
s5
Cl • Medium Duty [8846 – 11793 Kg weight limit]
as
s6
Cl • Heavy Duty [11794 -14969 Kg weight limit]
as
s7
Cl • Heavy Duty [14969 – 36287 Kg weight limit]
as
s8
 ۲۰۲۳ ‫ تا‬۲۰۲۲ ‫سهم بازار تراک‌های الکتریکی آمریکا از‬

North American Electric truck Market , % , CAGR , By Brand

Type , 2022 - 2028
8.00%
7.42%

7.00%

6.00%

5.00%
4.34%
4.00%

2.94%
3.00%

2.00%

1.00%

0.00%
light duty commercial pick-up Medium Duty commercail Truck Heavy Duty Commercial trucks
trucks

North American Electric truck Market

‫سهم بازار برخی شرکت‌ها در بازار آمریکا‬
‫برخی استانداردهای خودروهای الکتریکی ‪ ،‬هیبریدی ‪ ،‬پیل‌سوختی آمریکا‬
 SAE J1772 Revision 8

Auto OEMs supported moving to higher power levels for charging (8threvision)

SAE J1772 Task Force has raised the voltage and current limit of the SAE Combo Connector
• Current limit from 200A to 350A
• Voltage limit from 500V DC to 1000V DC
• 350kW Max Power

Publication completed: October 2017

SAE J3105 Overhead & Portal Charging

•Automated charging connection at high power-SAE J-3105

• Document will standardize the interface between the infrastructure and the bus
• Targeted towards in-route DC charging, for example to recharge at transit bus during a
short stop
• DC Power Levels (Voltage Range: 250-1,000 DC Volts) up to 1MW

• DC Power Levels
• Power Configurations
• Connection Points
• Communications
• Safety
• Alignment Protocol
SAE J3068 AC Depot Conductive Charging

Depot Charging -3 Phase AC (J-3068) targeted towards charging at commercial and industrial
locations or other places where three-phase AC power is available and preferred such as at
commercial and industrial locations (160A 480V AC 3ø = 133kW)

Defines a conductive power transfer method including the digital communication system. It
also covers the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet, supply
equipment outlet, and mating housings and contacts

SAE J-3068 3 phase AC

 SAE J2954 Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer

SAE J2954 Standard Development

• Inductive Charging Interoperability
• Automated Charging
• Power Transfer Communications
• Smart Grid Interoperability
SAE J2954 establishes • Automatic Shutdown Capability
minimum performance, • Autonomous Parking / Charging
interoperability and
safety criteria for
wireless charging of
EVs / PHEVs Charging Locations: Key aspects:

• Residential • Static applications (currently)

• Public • Efficiencies of over 85% (Aligned)
• On-Road • Air gaps up to 25 cm
• Static (parkinglots, curb • Safety Limits
side) • Validation Tests
 ‫برندهای تراک موجود در بازار آمریکا‬

FREIGHTLINER VOLVO KENWORTH PETERBILT NIKOLA CORP.

DAIMLER TRUCK TESLA MACK

TESLA

TESLA Semi-Truck

• Range : up to 500 mi (80b0 Km) / 300 mi (480 Km)

• Price : 150,000 – 180,000 $
• Battery Pack : 900 Kwh / 1000v
• Three independent motors on rear axle
• Recovering battery up to 70% of range in 30 min using tesla semi charger
• Power consumption : 1.4 Kwh per Km or 2Kwh per mile
• 0-60 [mph] : 20 [sec]
• Market share of tesla : 4.2% from 3.8% (2022-2023)
• 654888 units were sold last year in US
• Tesla has a plan to sell about 50,000 units in 2024
SCANIA

Regional Trailor Tractor

• Wheel configuration : 4x2 , 6x2

• Two electric motors with continuous power of
270,300,330,360,400,450 Kw
• 624/416 Kwh (installed) – 468/312 Kwh (usable)
• 280 Km added range per hour of charging for GTW 40 tonnes /
200 Km added range per hour of charging for GTW 64 tonnes
• GTW : 64 t
 SCANIA
Urban BEV

Regional Rigid Truck

• Wheel configuration : Rigid 4x2,6x2*4
• Permanent magnet electric Motor with oil spray
cooling & continuous power of 230 Kw / 1300
• Wheel configuration : 4x2,6x2,6x2*4
N.m
• Two electric motors with continuous
• Axle distance > 3950 mm , a 165 Kwh battery pack
power of 270,300,330,360,400,450,
is installed
Kw
• Axle distance > 4350 , both 165 Kwh & 300 Kwh
• 624/416 Kwh (installed) – 468/312
battery pack could be installed
Kwh (usable)
• CCS type 2 plug-in connection up to 130 Kw/200A
• 280 Km added range per hour of
DC charging
charging for GTW 40 tonnes / 200 Km
• GTW : 64 t
added range per hour of charging for
GTW 64 tonnes
• GTW : 64 t
 SCANIA

New Urban BEV with expanded capabilities

• Wheel configuration : Rigid 4x2,,6x2,6x2*2 , Tractor 4x2,6x2

• Permanent magnet electric Motor with oil spray cooling & continuous
power of 230 Kw / 1300 N.m
• Axle distance : 3950-4150 mm , a 416 Kwh battery pack is installed ( 312
Kwh is usable)
• Axle distance > 4150 , both 416 Kwh & 624 Kwh battery pack could be
installed ( 312/468 Kwh is usable)
• CCS type 2 plug-in connection up to 375 Kw/500A DC charging , 350 Km
added range per hour of charging for GTW 29 t
SCANIA
Market share of SCANIA 2022 – 2023
25.00%

By 2030 , more than 19.90%

20.00%
half of our new 18.70%
17.60%
vehicles sales volume 16.90%
is expected to come
15.00%
from electrically
powered vehicles

10.00%

Scania’s total
deliveries in 2022 5.00%
3.60% 3.90%
were 85232 units

0.00%
Europe Latin America Asia

2022 2023
SCANIA
Units Order intakes Deliveries
Q1 2023 Q1 2022 Δ% Q1 2023 Q1 2022 Δ%
Trucks 17771 19323 -8 % 21611 15900 36 %
Europe 11765 14511 -19 % 14373 9534 51 %
America 1887 2939 -36 % 3032 2864 6%
Asia 2516 1534 64 % 2763 1540 79 %
Africa & oceana 1167 1395 -16 % 1264 1087 16 %
ZEV vehicles 47 155 -70 % 74 24 36 %

Order intake for trucks decreased by 8 percent compared to the same period last year. In Europe, although demand
continues to be strong in most markets, order intake decreased compared to last year. We have been restrictive in the
placing of orders for production far in time and since the order book for trucks is already large, we want to be able to
ensure the quality of the order book and the ability to adjust prices to the high cost inflation. In the Americas, order
intake was low in the whole region due to political and economic volatility. Deliveries increased by 36 percent, with
strong contributions from Europe and the Middle East as well as Oceania, a result of a stabilized supply chain and
logistical flows. In Europe, the total market for heavy trucks increased by 20.5 percent compared to last year. Scania’s
European market share was 15.5 percent
SCANIA

SEK Million Q1
2023 2022 Δ%
Vehicles & Services 46729 33343 40 %
Trucks 29782 18922 57 %
Bus 1577 1210 30 %

Total net sales of Vehicles and Services increased by 40 percent to SEK 46,729 m. (33,343),
positively impacted by higher volumes and currency effects. Net sales of trucks increased
by 57 percent to SEK 29,782 m. (18,922) due to higher volumes, price increases and a
positive product mix. Net sales of services increased by 21 percent to SEK 10,520 m.
(8,676). In local currency service net sales increased by 15 percent.
Freightliner Owned by Daimler

eM2

• Range : 180 mile for class 6 / 250 mile

for class 7
• Power : 180 Hp [for class 6] / 300 Hp
[for class 7]
• Battery pack : 194 Kwh [for class 6] /
291 Kwh [for class 7]
• Single Detroit Axle
• GVWR : 26000 – 30000 lb
• Recharge time : 0 – 80% in 60 min
 Freightliner

eCascadia

• Range : 155 mile / 230 mile

• Power : 460 Hp
• Battery pack : 438 Kwh
• Recharge time : 0-80% in 90
min
• GVWR : up to 82000 lb

• Freightliner is the #1 company that holds in market share ; it is the best selling
company

• Market share : 36.5% in US 2023 which was (-1.7) down relative to the last year (2022)
Mack Owned by Volvo

LR Electric

• Power : 536 Hp
• Torque : 4051 lb-ft
• Li-ion Battery : 600 V
• 4 AC Motor
• Range up to 100 miles
• Recharging time : 120 min
• Pay-load : up to 25500

Market share of Mack company is 6.7 % in US market

Mack Owned by Volvo

MD

• Power : 260 Hp
• Torque : 1850 lb-ft
• 2 batteries : 150 Kwh/3 batteries : 240 Kwh
• Range : 140 miles [for 2 batteries] / 230
miles [for 3 batteries]
• AC charging time : 7 hours [for 2 batteries]
& 11 hours [for 3 batteries] with 19.2 KW
charger
• DC charging time : 100 min [for 2
batteries] / 160 min [for 3 batteries] with
80 KW charger
KENWORTH Owned by Paccar

T680E

• Power : 536 Hp continuous

& 670 Hp peak
• Torque : 1623 lb-ft
• Battery size : 396 Kwh
• Range : 150 mile depends
on its application
• DC fast charging : 3 hours
KENWORTH Owned by Paccar

T680 FCEV

• Power : 415 Hp continuous

• Range : 450 mile
• Duel cell electric vehicle
• It is equipped with Toyota 310 KW dual mototr
assembly and Toyota Gen dual fuel cell module

• Market share : 14.6 % in 2023

• 39269 units were sold in global market in 2022 by KENWORTH

KENWORTH Owned by Paccar

K270 & K370

• K270 is class 6 & K370 is class 7

• Battery pack : 141/282 Kwh
• Range : 100/200 mile in a single charge
• DC fast charging of 2 hours
• Power : 355 Hp [for K270] / 469 Hp [for K370]
• Two direct drive motors
• Enough torque to start the load from a stop on a
20% grade & power to maintain 40 MPH on a 6%
grade while fully loaded
 PETERBILT Owned by Paccar

579 EV

• Power : 670 Hp peak & 536 Hp continuous

• Class 8
• Battery pack : 400 Kwh
• 19.2 KW AC charger
• Range : 150 mile
• 2 levels of charging : level 2 : 18.5 hours
charging/level 3 : 3 hours of charging
• GCWR : 82000 lb
PETERBILT Owned by Paccar

520 EV

• Power : 670 Hp peak & 536 Hp continuous

• Tandem e-axle configuration
• Battery pack : 400 Kwh
• Range : 80-120 mile
• Recharge time : level 2 in 18.5 hours of charging /
level 3 in 3 hours of charging
• GCWR : 66000 lb
PETERBILT Owned by Paccar

220 EV

• Power (class 7) : 499 Hp peak & 347 Hp con.

• Power (class 6) : 355 Hp peak & 207 Hp con.
• Battery pack : 282 Kwh / 209 Kwh / 141 Kwh
• 19.2 AC charger with 2 levels of charging : level 2 is
2.1 hours & level 3 is 6.5-13 hours of charging
• Range : 100 / 150 or 200 miles

Market share : 15.3 % in Dec. 2022 in US

NIKOLA CORP.

TRE BEV

• Power : 1069 Hp instantaneous

& 345 Hp con.
• Torque : 12500 lb-ft
• Total battery pack : 733 Kwh
• Range : 330 miles
• Recharge time : 80% in 90 min
NIKOLA CORP.

TRE FCEV

• Power : 536 Hp con. & 773 Hp Ins.

• Torque : 12500 lb-ft con.
• Fuel cell power module : 200 Kw
• Total battery pack (2 pack) : 164 Kwh
• Refuel time : 20 min
• Max range : 500 miles

• 42 units were sold in which 35 of them were

FCEV with the price of 750000$
• 450 will also be sold in 2024 : up tp 170
million dollars
 VOLVO

VNR Electric Truck

• Range : 275 miles

• Class 8
• Recharge time : 80 % in 90 min [with
six-battery system] / 80% in 60 min
[ with four-battery system]
• Power : 455 Hp
• Torque : 4051 lb-ft
• Battery pack : 4-battery system is 375
Kwh & 6-battery system is 565 Kwh
 VOLVO
VNR Electric Truck family
• 4x2 straight truck/ Range : 230 miles
• 6x4 straight truck/ Range : 190 miles
• 4x2 tractor/ Range : 175 miles
• 6x2 tractor/ Range : 275 miles
• 6x4 tractor/ Range : 275 miles
• * the tractor family is for local &
regional delivery
• VOLVO uses conventional design to enter
American market
• VOLVO trucks is aiming for 50% of global sales
of new trucks to be electric & 100% to be net-
zero emission by 2040
• In the Q1 of 2023 , 486 electric truck were
ordered which is 141% increase in the same
time-line of last year
• VOLVO trucks is scaling up production of
electric trucks at three plants : 1- in
Gothenburg,[Sweden] 2- In Blainville,[France]
3- In New River Valley,[Us]
• Between 5-15% of brake energy is
regenerated back into energy storage
VOLVO

VOLVO groups truck deliveries worldwide in FY 2020 & FY

2022,By region (in 1000 units)
11.75
Africa & Oceana 9.67
10.28

19.07
Asia 17.84
27.01

31.96
South America 28.72
17.68

56.54
North America 47.63
32.06

113.25
Europe 98.6
79.81
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

2022 2021 2020

 Source

• https://www.scania.com/group/en/home/products-and-services/trucks/battery-electric-truck.html
• https://www.volvotrucks.us/trucks/vnr-electric/
• https://www.freightliner.com/trucks/ecascadia/
• https://www.macktrucks.com/trucks/lr-electric/
• https://rivian.com/
• https://www.tesla.com/semi - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_Semi
• https://www.kenworth.com/trucks/t680e/ - https://www.kenworth.com/innovation/zero-emissions/
• https://www.statista.com/statistics/274937/market-share-of-truck-manufacturers-in-the-united-states/
• https://www.precedenceresearch.com/electric-truck-market
‫با تشکر از توجه شما‬