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J1939 Training: - Agenda
J1939 Training: - Agenda
• Agenda
– Basic Training: J1939 Vocabulary
– Basic Training: Monitoring
– Basic Training: Control
– Basic Training: Tools / Information
– Advanced: J1939 message breakdown
– Advanced: J1939 diagnostic messages
– Advanced: J1939 multiplexing
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
• Vocabulary:
– Datalink: Term used to describe how devices
communicate with each other also referred to as a
network.
– Bit: One binary value. A “1” or “0”
– Byte: 8 bits put together. Ex: “00000001”
– Bit Field: Number of bits which are grouped
together
– CAN Data Frame: Series of ordered bit fields
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
• Vocabulary (cont.)
– Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): Error
control mechanism used to detect when a
message was corrupted during transimission.
– Data Field: 0-64 bit field in the CAN data
frame which contains the actual data such as oil
pressure or coolant temperature as defined in
J1939/71 standard.
• Vocabulary (cont.)
– Destination Address: Address of who is
suppose to receive the message. (not included
in all J1939 messages)
» Global Address is 255 or FF hex
– Device: Any physical component which listens
to or sends information out on the J1939
datalink.
– Electronic Control Unit: same as a device
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
• Vocabulary (cont.)
– End of Frame: 7 bit field which marks the end of a
CAN frame
– Extended Frame: A CAN frame which contains a
29 bit identifier as defined in the CAN2.0B
standard.
» Note: J1939 allows both 11bit and 29 bit Identifers to
coexist on the same network.
– Frame: A series of data bits making up a complete
message. The frame contains several bit fields
Start of End of
Frame Bit Frame Bit
ACK
Field
Header # of bytes 8 bytes of actual data CRC
4 bits
Used
Priority # representing
Actual data you are for
PDU Format numbers
trying to send Error
Source Address 0-15
Checking
typically 8
• Vocabulary (cont.)
– Message: One or more CAN data frames which
transfer a complete piece of information to
other devices on the datalink.
– Multipacket Message: Messages which require
multiple CAN data frames. These are handled
by the “transport protocol”.
– Protocol: A protocol is the “language” of how
to communicate between devices.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
• Vocabulary (cont.)
– Parameter Group Number (PGN): a 24 bit
identifier used to identify a message which
contains a particular group of parameters.
– Parameter Group: A collection of parameters
that are conveyed in a J1939 message.
– PDU1 Format: Format used when specifying a
destination address
• Vocabulary (Cont.)
– Suspect Parameter Number (SPN): The
particular element which is having a problem.
This is used in the fault codes to tell us which
part is having a problem. (Sensor, ECM, etc..)
– Failure Mode Identifer (FMI): Used to say how
a particular SPN has failed.
Layer
Number
7 Application Application
6 Presentation Presentation
5 Session Session
4 Transport Transport
3 Network Network
2 Data Link Data Link
1 Physical Physical
Physical Transmission Media
• Presentation Layer
• Data encryption, data compression, etc...
• Application Layer
• Whatever is left over from other layers….
Request
Only
Data
Broadcast
Data
CAN ESD
Serial Transceiver
Micro Protection
Communications
( 68332 ) Circuit
Controller
Backbone
• Dynamic Addressing
– Each ECM on the network takes on an address
at startup. The specific address may be
different from startup to startup.
• Cummins does not support dynamic
addressing; therefore, make sure each
device on the datalink has a unique address.
• Troubleshooting
– First check the termination resistors.
• Measure resistance between CAN_H and CAN_L.
• Resistance should be approximately 60 ohms. If
you have a small backbone like in the EA options,
this may be closer to 120 ohms.
– Check for frame errors
• Using CANalyzer or other tool, monitor the J1939
datalink to see if any frame errors are recorded.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Troubleshooting
• Troubleshooting (cont.)
– Monitor broadcast parameters using CANalyzer
– For multiplexed parameters, verify that the
OEM / DOEM is sending the correct source
address in the message.
– Unplug other devices from the datalink so only
the PC and ECM are on the network.
• Tools
– Protocol analyzer
• Must have a protocol analyzer to develop a datalink
interface.
• Must have the J1939 standard unless customer
already has good familiarity with CAN 2.0B
protocol.
– CANalyzer
» In North America contact: Vector CANtech Inc.
(248) 449-9290
Matt Palmer
» Outside America contact:
49-711-80670-505
Lother Felbinger
» Approximate Cost:
Software: $2,700
Hardware: $1,185
– Jpro
» Cummins owned distributors: Software available
through engineering tools (see intranet site:
etools.ctg.cummins.com) Hardware available through
Industrial Communication Technologies.
» North America: call (978) 499 - 9271
» Outside North America: 49 89 46 1090
» Appoximate costs: $910
» Non Cummins owned distributors: Software is NOT
available through engineering tools. Recommend
CANalyzer
» Jpro support from manufacturer ends 12/01.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Tools
Start of End of
Frame Bit Frame Bit
ACK
Field
Header # of bytes 8 bytes of actual data CRC
4 bits
Used
Priority # representing
Actual data you are for
PDU Format numbers
trying to send Error
Source Address 0-15
Checking
typically 8
time CAN Rx # of
Serial or Data
Input # TX Bytes 8 bytes of data represented
29 bit header in hexadecimal
0 C F 0 0 3 0 0
Conversion Formula:
Example: Data
Byte 1
From CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CFEEE00x Rx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
0000 0101 1111 1111 0000 0000 0100 1111 0010 0011 1000 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111
Lamp Reserved SPN FMI S Occurrence
Status P Count
N
0000 0101 1111 1111 0111 1001 0000 0010 0000 0011 0000 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111
Lamp Reserved SPN FMI S Occurrence
Status P Count
N
SPN
Cummins Fault Code
FMI Example:
Fault Code SPN FMI
131 91 3
Note: Cummins has some SPN / FMI combinations which point to two different
fault codes. Usually the fault codes are related such as low oil pressure
(FC143) and very low oil pressure (FC415).
• FMI codes
FMI Code Description
0 Data Valid but above Normal Operating Range
1 Data Valid but below Normal Operating Range
2 Data Erratic, Intermittent or Incorrect
3 Voltage above Normal or Shorted to High Source
4 Voltage below Normal or Shorted to Low Source
5 Current below Normal or Open Circuit
6 Current above Normal or Grounded Circuit
7 Mechanical System Not Responding or out of adjustment
8 Abnormal frequency or pulse width or period
9 Abnormal Update Rate
10 Abnormal Rate of Change
11 Root Cause Not Know
12 Bad Intelligent Device or Component
13 Out of Calibration
14 Special Instructions
15 Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range (Least Severe Level)
16 Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range (Moderate Sever Level)
17 Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (Least Severe Level)
18 Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (Moderate Severe Level)
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Transport Message
• Transport Messages
– Used when data exceeds the 8 byte limit
– Usually needed during fault code message
transmission.
– Multipacket message
– Currently only the BAM (Broadcast Announce
Message) part of the J1939 transport layer used
by our products.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Transport Message
• Transport Protocol
– TP.BAM
• Used when more than one fault codes are active
• Must be implemented to read fault codes
• First step is to send a TP.CM (Connection Message)
with the connection mode being BAM.
• Next a series of TP.DT (Data Transfer) messages
will be sent. These messages contain the actual data.
• See detailed example hand out
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Multiplexing
• Multiplexing is used to send information
from an external device to the engine
control module via the J1939 datalink.
• The engine control module must know the
address of the device which is sending the
information.
• Typically only the throttle has been
multiplexed on industrial applications.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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Increased Multiplexing Capability
• Purpose: Control additional features over
the J1939
• New multiplexing capability:
– Diagnostic Switch
– Idle Increment / Decrement
– Alternate Low Idle Switch
– Multiunit Sync On/Off Switch
– Alternate Torque Select
– Alternate Droop Select
– Auxiliary Governor Switch
On CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CF00303x Tx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
On CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CF00303x Tx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
Byte 1: 01
- indicates speed control mode by setting
bits 2,1 to a value of 01
Byte 2, 3: 41 A0 - specifies and engine speed of 2100 rpm
Calculating the desired engine speed:
2100 rpm * 1 count / .125rpm = 16800 counts = 41 A0 hex
– Variable ISC
• Turn on Variable ISC setpoint 3
• 18FDCA20x Tx d 8 F6 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
• Turn off Variable ISC setpoint 3
• 18FDCA20x Tx d 8 F0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
– Hydraulic Temperature
• Hydraulic Temperature gets into the ECM via OEM temperature 2
• 18FE6820x Tx d 8 F0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF