MEASURE OF

UNEMPLOYMENT AND
UNDEREMPLOYMENT

REPORTER: HAZEL JANE C. OLAER

 Following are the latest Data on Unemployment
(manila bulletin, February, 1996, citing the Department
of Labor)

The current labor force in the Philippines as of 1995 was

28.040 million, higher by 557,000 or a growth of 2 percent
over the October 1994 level of 27.483 million.
The National Statistics Office said that the number of
unemployed persons increased by 1.1 from 2.317 million in
1995 and 2.342 million in 1996.

A significant finding of the survey conducted by the National

Census and Statistics is that Urban unemployment is higher
than Rural areas.
This maybe be partly caused by continuous migration of rural
population to urban areas and the inability of urban
individuals to provide jobs to all these migrants.
According to DOLE , the unemployment rate in the
NCR remained high at 15.9 percent, at part with
the year ago unemployment rate of 16.2 percent.

The report likewise said that female

unemployment rate was relatively higher at 9.4
percent against their male counterparts at 7.7
percent.
 UNEMPLOYMENT

The National Census and Statistical Survey on

Households reports that each monthly summary of the
unemployed indicates a million or more unemployed
numbers and proportion of those out of work from
month to month and year to year.
Three Categories of UNEMPLOYMENT

1.Seasonal Unemployment

2.Technological Unemployment

3. Cyclical Unemployment
 1.Seasonal Unemployment

this type of unemployment is that which occurs during

certain periods resulting from reductions in demands for
labor attributable either to the seasonal pattern of
consumer’s habits and customs or to
variation in production associated with climatic change.

Demand for coal, fuel oil, and heavy clothing necessarily

vary with climate change.
Studies here reveal that seasonal unemployment creates
serious problems. The Labor force reaches its peak in July
and is at its low point in January and February.
2.Technological Unemployment

Is another type of employment which is a consequence of

labor-displacing inventions. It has been observed that
industrialization, thought of as vehicle to progress, was
capital-intensive and import-substitution.

It is believed that is has not brought up the levels of

income and technical skills of the vast majority of
non-farm labor force. Instead, labor-saving machines
have limited, if not displaced, human labor in
industrial production.
3. Cyclical Unemployment

this type of unemployment is a result of recurring

depressions. It is traceable to cyclical fluctuations in business
activity. It is believed to be essentially depression unemployment
although it may result in part from the failure of our economy
provide the million or more job force.

this type of unemployment causes widespread concern

because prolonged of depression and idleness create personal
disorganization and desperation leading the citizens to accept or
welcome radical social and political changes.
cyclical unemployment appears as an accompaniment of
the recession and depression phase of business cycles.
These periods of reduced activity where cyclical
unemployment tends to disappear are followed by stages
of recovery and prosperity. (Broom and Selznick (1971)).
THANK YOU