WASTE TO ENERGY

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
• Waste-to-energy (WTE), also known as, energy-from-waste (EFW) is
the process of generating energy in the form of electricity or heat from
the primary treatment of waste, or the process of converting
waste into a fuel source.
• WTE can occur through a number of processes such as
incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and landfill
gas recovery.
• The major forms of energy that can be derived from waste are
thermal energy and bio energy.
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Waste-to-energy technologies convert waste

matter into various forms of fuel that can
used to supply energy. Waste feed stocks can
be
include municipal solid waste (MSW);
construction and demolition (C&D) debris;
agricultural waste, such as crop silage and
livestock manure; industrial waste from coal
mining, lumber mills, or other facilities; and
even the gases that are naturally produced
within landfills.
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Waste to energy technologies can address two

sets of environmental issues at one stroke - land
use and pollution from landfills, and the well-
know environmental perils of fossil
fuels.
However, waste-to-energy be
systems can expensive and of
waste limited
often they can useinefficiently;
the only
typessome can be
applied economically today.
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS: This technology is used to
recover energy from municipal solid waste by using high
temperature
GASIFICATION:. The gasification process breaks down the solid waste or any
carbon based waste feedstock into useful by-products that contain a significant
amount of partially oxidised compounds, primarily a mixture of carbon monoxide,
hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The main product of the gasification process is a
syngas.
Syngas can be used in a number of ways, including;
Being burned in a boiler to generate steam for power generation or industrial
heating.
1. It can be used as fuel in a dedicated gas engine.
2. After reforming, syngas can be used in a gas turbine. Syngas can also be used as
a chemical feedstock.
• PYROLYSIS: It is defined as the thermal decompstion of
carbon-based materials in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere
using heat to produce syngas, No air or oxygen is present
and no direct burning takes place.The main goal of
pyrolysis is to increase thermal decomposition of solid
waste to gases and condensed phases.
• INCINERATION: It is the most common and oldest WTE
process that involves the combustion of organic
material such as waste with energy recovery. It has
typically 4 phase: pretreatment, combustion, energy
recovery, cleaning.
BIO-CHEMICAL PROCESS : This technique utilise
microbial processes to transform waste and are restricted to
bio-degradeable waste such as food and yard waste.

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION(AD): AD is a process by which

organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the
absence of oxygen.The anaerobic digestion process occurs in
multiple steps.
T R A P METALS are now
almost systematically extracted
from the bottom ash. Metal quality
Is very high and rising market prices
mean good Income stream for
operators
Reusable bottom ash Is a useful
construction material. Using It offs
the need to extract raw matenals,
which has considerable
envlronmentaT impacts.. It is
dTspoaed of when no demand exists
or If waste contaminated it.
1. WASTE MINIMIZATION
2. AVOID LANDFILLING
3. RESOURCE RECOVERY
4. HELP ENVIRONMENT

1. HIGH CO2 EMISSIONS

2. POTENTIAL TO DESTROY
RECOVERABLE MATERIALS
3. DISCOURAGES RECYLING
AND OTHER WASTE
REDUCTION MEDTHODS
4. HIGH COSTS