Statistics and Probability

Week 4, Quarter 3
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
 OBJECTIVES
 Identify regions under the normal curve
corresponding to different standard normal values.
(M11/12SP-IIIc-3)
 Convert a normal random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice versa (M11/12SP-IIIc-4)
 Compute probabilities and percentiles using the
standard normal table. (M11/12SP-IIIc-d-1)
 We have learned that the total area under the
curve is equal to 1. Since the standard normal
distribution is defined as normally distributed
random variable having a mean of zero ( µ= 0 ) and
standard deviation of one (ơ = 1), the fifty (50)
percent of the region under the curve is below the
mean and the other 50% is above the mean. Figure
1, as shown below illustrate the standard normal
curve.
Figure 1, as shown below illustrate the
standard normal curve.
 You can easily identify the area of the
regions under the normal curve by using the
Table of Areas under the Normal Curve which is
also known as z-Table
This table gives the area of any value of z from
-3.99 to 3.99. The value from this table will
describe the area of the specific region of the
curve to the left of the given z-value.
How to use the Table of Areas under the
Normal Curve?
Example: Find the area to the left of −1.69
Solution: First, split the given z-value into
hundredths. We can find the whole number and the
tenths digit (-1.6) at the left side of the table while the
hundredths (0.09) located at the uppermost of the
table. Then the intersection of these numbers will be
the area of the normal curve to the left of the z-value.
Answer: The area to the left of z= -1.69 is 0.0455
STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS
TO Z –VALUE

1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-

value on the normal curve
2. Shade the region of the curve according to the
condition of z-value whether it is below, above, or
between.
3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to
find the corresponding area.
STEPS ON HOW TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS
TO Z –VALUE

4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3

4.1. When the z-value is to the left or any related terms (e.g. below,
less than) just write the value we obtained in step 3
4.2. When the z-value is to the right or any related terms (e.g. above,
greater than), subtract 1 by the obtained value in step 3

4.3. When the shaded region is in between of the two z-value,

subtract the biggest by the smallest value obtained in step 3
5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusio
 Example 1: Find the area that corresponds below z = -1.35
Solution:
Step 1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value.
Solution:

Step 2: Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-

value whether it is below, above, or between.
Solution:
Step 3. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the
corresponding area

The intersection
between -1.3 and
0.05 is 0.0885
Solution:

Step 4. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3

4.1 When the z-value is to the left or any related

terms (e.g. below, less than) just write
the value we obtained in step 3 Since the shaded
region of the curve is to the left of the
z= -1.35 and the intersection between -1.3 and 0.05 is
0.0885. Therefore, the area of
the shaded region is 0.0885
Solution:
Step 5. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion.

Therefore, the area that corresponds below

z = -1.35 is 0.0885
 Example 1: Find the area to the right of z = -1.35
Solution:
Step 1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value.
Solution:

Step 2.
Solution:

Step 3.

Z= -1.35 ,
area = 0.0885
Solution:

Step 4.

Since the shaded region is to the right of z-

value. We will subtract 0.0885 from 1

Z =1 – 0.0885

Z = 0.9115
Solution:

Step 5.

Therefore, the area to the right of z = -1.35

z = -1.35 is 0.9115
 Example 3: Find the area between z = -1.30 and z= 2
Solution:
Step 1. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value.
Solution:

Step 2.
Solution:

Step 3.

Z= -1.30 ,
area = 0.0968
Z= 2
Area = 0.4772
Solution:

Step 4.

Since the shaded region is within the z-value. We

will subtract 0.4772 by 0.0968

Z =0.4772 – 0.0968

Z = 0.3804
Solution:
Step 5.

Therefore, the area between z = -1.30 and z= 2

z = 0.5000 + 0.3804 = 0.8804
CONVERTING A NORMAL RANDOM VARIABLE TO A
STANDARD NORMAL VARIABLE AND VICE-VERSA
In solving real-life problems involving the normal
curve, it is particularly important to convert a random variable
x to a standard normal variable or z-score. This procedure is
known as “standardizing” or “standardization” of a random
variable, where a standardized value is called a z-score. A z-
score is a measure of the number of standard deviations (σ) a
particular data value is away from the mean (μ).
 Suppose your score on a test in Probability and Statistics
is 39 and the scores are normally distributed with a mean of
33 and standard deviation of 3, then your score is exactly 2
standard deviations above the mean. If you scored 30, then it
is exactly 1 standard deviation below the mean. All values
that are above the mean have positive z-scores and all values
that are below the mean have negative z-scores. If you
obtained a z-score of -3, this means that your score is 3
standard deviations below the mean, that is, 33 – 3(3) = 33 – 9
= 24.
 Given any value x from a normal distribution
with mean μ and standard deviation σ, to convert x
to a z-score (standard normal score), you need to;
(a) Subtract the mean μ from x.
(b) Divide this quantity, 𝒙 – 𝝁, by the standard
deviation σ. The formula used in converting a
random variable x to a standard normal variable z .
 𝑧=

where: 𝑧 – standard normal score or z – score

𝑥 – any data value in a normal distribution
𝜇 - mean
𝜎 - standard deviation
Example 1
Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and
standard deviation of 10. If your IQ is 85, what is your z-score?
(Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)

Solution:

The z-score can be computed using the formula;

𝑧=
 85 − 100
𝑧 =
10
15
¿ −
1 0
𝑧 =− 1.50
Example 2
On a nationwide placement test that is normally distributed, the mean
was 125 and standard deviation was 15. If you scored 149, what was
your z-score? (Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)

Solution:

The z-score can be computed using the formula;

𝑧=
Example 3
The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina
National High School are normally distributed
with a mean of 150 cm and standard
deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir Victor
has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual
height of Sir Victor? (Round off your answer
to the nearest hundredths)
Example 4
The time it takes for a cell to divide is
normally distributed with an average of 60
minutes and standard deviation of 5
minutes. How long will it take for a given
cell to divide if its “mitosis” has a z-score
of -1.35?
Find the area of the following

1. To the left of -2.36

2. To the left of 0.06
3. To the right of -1.77
4. Above 2.84
Find the area of the following

5.P(z<-1.45
6. P(0.5<z<2.33)
7. P(z>1.78)
8. Between z = -1.5 &2.75
Find the area of the following

9. Between z = -0.35&

-2.33
10 Below z = 2.03