ASSAY IN

RESEARCH

Here is where your experimentation begins

 What is Assay?

an investigative procedure for qualitatively or

quantitatively measuring the presence, amount,
or function activity of a target element. It is used
in medicine, mining, pharmacology, and various
forms of biology to target element's presence,
amount, or function
These are tests that can detect diseases,
conditions, and infections. In vitro means
'in glass', meaning these tests are typically
conducted in test tubes and similar
equipment, as opposed to in vivo tests,
which are conducted in the body itself.

Examples include isolated whole

mammalian embryos in culture,
nonmammalian embryo culture, and tissue,
organ, and cell culture
“
”
The term in vivo comes from the Latin "in (something)
living." It refers to a medical test, experiment, or
procedure that is done on (or in) a living organism,
such as a laboratory animal or human. Clinical trials or
medical studies may be performed either in vivo or in
vitro

In Vivo Assay
Ex Vivo: translates from Latin as “out of the living.

It refers to a medical procedure in which an organ,

cells, or tissue are taken from a living body for a
treatment or procedure, and then returned to the
living body.

One widely performed ex vivo study is the chick

chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In this
assay, angiogenesis is promoted on the CAM
membrane of a chicken embryo outside the
organism (chicken)
 Anti Coagulation Activity Assay

These tests measure the time in seconds that it takes the blood to clot.

Several techniques, including clot-based tests, chromogenic or color assays,

direct chemical measurements, and ELISAs, are used for coagulation testing. Of
these techniques, clot-based and chromogenic assays are used most often.

Group 4
Anti Coagulation Activity Assay
 Adhesion
Formation
“
”
Adhesions develop as the body attempts to repair itself.
This normal response can occur after surgery, infection,
injury (trauma), or radiation. Adhesions may appear as
thin sheets of tissue similar to plastic wrap, or as thick
fibrous bands

Adhesion Formation
 Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

202
It is a widely used method that uses antioxidants as reductants 0
in a redox-linked colorimetric reaction.
202
The FRAP assay offers a putative index of antioxidant, or 2
reducing, potential of biological fluids within the technological
reach of every laboratory and researcher interested in oxidative
stress and its effects
 Soil Assay For Contaminants & Toxicity

Soil Assay Methods

Direct soil sampling and analysis:
It is the farmland analysis for multiple
parameters like chemical content,
toxicity, pH level, salinity, earth-dwelling
biota, etc. Such tests also provide
information on chemical contamination, HOW?
humic or organic content, electric
sample the soil and have a
conductivity, cation exchange capacity, certified laboratory test it
and other physical and chemical
properties.
Hot Plate Assay In
Rats
It is employed in fundamental
studies on pain and testing the
efficacy of analgesics by observing
the response to heat-induced pain
 Brine Shrimp Lethality

● evaluation of toxicity of heavy metals,

pesticides, medicines especially natural plant
extracts etc. It's a preliminary toxicity screen
for further experiments on mammalian animal
models.
 Leaf Choice Dip Assay

● a method used in entomology (the study of insects) to assess

insect preference for different plant species or varieties. This
assay involves dipping leaves from various plant species or
varieties into a solution that contains a specific concentration of
an insecticide or a substance that repels insects
 PROCESS OF LEAF DIP

1st step: Leaf Preparation: Leaves from different plant species or varieties are collected and
prepared for the assay. These leaves should be similar in size and condition to ensure
consistent results.

2nd step: Solution Preparation: A solution is prepared containing the substance of interest,
which could be an insecticide or a repellent. The concentration of the substance can vary
depending on the specific goals of the experiment.

3rd step: Dipping Process: The prepared leaves are dipped into the solution for a certain
period to allow them to absorb the substance. The duration of dipping can vary depending on
the experimental design and the properties of the substance being tested.
 PROCESS OF LEAF DIP

4th step: Choice Test: After dipping, the treated leaves are presented to the insects in a
controlled environment. This could involve placing the leaves in a cage or another enclosure
where the insects are allowed to choose which leaves they prefer to feed on.

5th step: Data Collection: The researchers observe and record the preferences of the insects,
noting which leaves they feed on preferentially. This data helps to determine the
effectiveness of the substance in deterring insect feeding or attracting them.

Leaf Choice Dip Assays are commonly used in studies related to pest management, plant-
insect interactions, and the development of insect-resistant crops. They provide valuable
insights into insect behavior and can help inform strategies for protecting crops from pests
in agricultural settings.
 Thanks!
Reporters:
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