sewage

PRESENTED BY -RUDRANIL
SARKAR
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING REGISTRATION
NO- D222310301
INTRODUCTION
Sewage is a complex mixture
of waste and water from
residential, industrial, and
commercial sources.
Understanding its composition,
sources, treatment processes,
and environmental impact is
crucial for public health and
environmental sustainability.
COMPOSITION OF
SEWAGE

Sewage comprises organic

matter, nutrients, pathogens,
toxic chemicals, and
suspended solids. The
presence of these
components necessitates
careful treatment to avoid
adverse environmental
impacts.
SOURCES OF SEWAGE

Sewage originates from

residential activities,
industrial processes, and
stormwater runoff. Each
source contributes unique
contaminants, making
effective treatment essential.
TREATMENT
PROCESSES

Sewage treatment involves

physical, biological, and
chemical processes to
remove contaminants and
disinfect the water. These
processes are designed to
meet stringent regulatory
standards.
PRIMARY TREATMENT

In the primary treatment

phase, large solids are
removed through settling
and ffiltration processes,
reducing the load on
subsequent treatment
stages.
SECONDARY TREATMENT

During secondary treatment,

biological organisms break
down organic matter, further
reducing nutrient levels and
pathogen counts in the
sewage.
TERTIARY TREATMENT

In tertiary treatment, advanced

processes such as ffiltration,
disinfection, and nutrient
removal are employed to
ensure the water meets quality
standards for discharge.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Improperly treated sewage

can lead to eutrophication,
contamination of water
bodies, and harmful algal
blooms. Understanding and
mitigating these impacts is
crucial for ecosystem health.
Regulatory Framework

Regulatory bodies enforce strict

standards for sewage treatment
and discharge to protect water
quality and public health.
Compliance is essential to
avoid penalties and
environmental harm.
TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES

Emerging technologies such

as membrane bioreactors, UV
disinfection, and advanced
oxidation processes are
enhancing the efficiency and
effectiveness of sewage
treatment, leading to improved
environmental outcomes.
FUTURE
CONSIDERATIONS

As population growth and

urbanization continue,
sustainable sewage
management will be critical.
Innovation, resource
recovery, and public
awareness will play key
roles in shaping the future
of sewage treatment.
 CONCLUSION
Understanding sewage is essential for protecting
public health and preserving the environment. By
comprehending its composition, sources, treatment
processes, and environmental impact, we can work
towards sustainable sewage management.
Thank You