Victimology

Victimology
Victimology
It is also the
scientific study
of physical,
emotional and
financial harm
people suffer
because of
illegal activities
 Criminology

Focused on the individual who

perpetrated the crime, the
criminal.
Brief History of
Victimology
Benjamin Mendelsohn
 Coined the term
victimology in 1940's.
 He is a lawyer from
Bucharest, Romania.
 Developed a scientific
method for the study
 He distributed the of the criminal act that
manuscript among
utilized
medico-legal experts in
1946 biopsychosocial data
 Developed victim
on criminal.
typologies
Hans Von Hentig
 Father of victimology.
 He wrote an article
called " The Criminal
and His Victim"
 Developed his own
victim typology
consisting 13
categories.
Stephen Schafer
 He is the author of the
textbook about
victims published in
1968.
 Lawyer born in
Budapest,Hungary.
 He became professor
in Criminal Justice
The books he wrote when he taught in U.S
"Restitution to of America.
Victims of Crime
and The Victim and
His Criminal"
Victim  The person to whom the
crime was committed.
 Also referred as
COMPLAINANT or the
OFFENDED PARTY.

 Direct- person who

was harmed because
the commission of the
 It can be either
offense.
direct/primary victims
or indirect/secondary  Indirect - refer to the
victims. loved ones of the
victim
Victim Typology
Classification
Scheme
Classifications of
victims based on the
type of crimes
usually committed
against them based
on their
demographic profile.
 Traditional Concepts
in Victimology

Victim - offender Victim

Relationship
resistance

Victim Victim
facilitation Vulnerability

Victim Precipitation and

Culpability or Provocation Victim Blame
  Victim - offender
Relationship
>Relationship of the victim with
the offender. Can be the victim
knows the offender. Related in
blood, maybe co workers or
classmates.
 Victim facilitation- Victims
unknowingly, carelessly,
negligently, and inadvertently
make it easier for criminal to
commit a crime.
 Victim Precipitation and
Culpability or Provocation
-Victimcontributed to his
victimization, while in
culpability, the victim is
considered to be more
responsible for crime than
offender.
 Victim resistance- Efforts
of the victim to fight-off or
repel the offender.
 Victim Vulnerability-
Tendency of a person to
become victimized without
any fault on his part.
 Victim Blame- People
blame victims for crime
committed against him.
This is good because it
shows how people are
aware that crime can be
prevented if we protect
ourselves from criminals.
Victim Patterns
The age,gender, marital
status,educational
background, level of intellect,
income, occupation,lifestyle
or habits.
Ecology
Location of commission of
crime
Victimization occurs more in
large, urban areas while
victim rates are lower in rural
and suburban areas.