Expository Writing

WEEK 3
NAUREEN NADEEM
SCA-UMT
 Pre-writing Techniques

 Brainstorming: Brainstorming involves generating ideas and gathering

thoughts related to the topic. This can be done individually or in groups,
allowing for the exploration of various angles and perspectives.
 Free-writing: Free-writing is a technique where the writer continuously writes
without pausing to edit or censor their thoughts. It helps in overcoming
writer's block and tapping into creative ideas.
 Mind Mapping: Mind mapping is a visual technique that involves creating a
diagram to represent connections between ideas. It allows writers to visualize
relationships between concepts and organize their thoughts hierarchically.
 Pre-writing Techniques

 Listing: Listing involves creating a list of key points, ideas, or arguments

related to the topic. It helps in organizing thoughts and identifying important
elements to include in the writing.
 Questioning: Questioning involves asking critical questions about the topic to
explore different aspects and gather relevant information. It helps in guiding
research and shaping the focus of the writing.
 Outlining: Outlining is the process of creating a structured framework or plan
for the writing. It involves organizing main ideas, supporting details, and the
overall flow of the piece.
 Drafting
Drafting is the stage where writers put their ideas into a cohesive written form. It
typically involves three stages:
1. First Draft: In the first draft, writers focus on getting their ideas down on
paper without worrying too much about grammar, structure, or style. The
emphasis is on capturing thoughts and developing the main points of the
writing.
2. Revision Draft: The revision draft focuses on refining and improving the
content of the writing. Writers revise sentences, paragraphs, and sections to
enhance clarity, coherence, and effectiveness. They may also add new
information or reorganize the structure as needed.
3. Final Draft: The final draft is the polished version of the writing. Writers pay
attention to grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting to ensure that the
piece is error-free and ready for publication or submission.
 Revising and Editing

Revising and editing are essential steps in refining the content and quality of the
writing. This involves:
• Revising: Reviewing the content, structure, and organization of the writing to
improve clarity, coherence, and effectiveness. Writers may add, delete, or
rearrange content to enhance the overall impact.
• Editing: Editing involves reviewing the writing for grammar, punctuation,
spelling, and syntax errors. Writers also check for consistency in style, tone,
and formatting. Editing ensures that the writing is polished and professional.
 Proofreading

Proofreading is the final stage of the writing process, focusing on identifying and
correcting errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting. It involves
careful scrutiny of the text to ensure accuracy and readability.
 Peer Review and Feedback

Peer review and feedback are valuable tools for improving the quality of writing.
This involves sharing the writing with peers or colleagues for constructive
criticism and suggestions. Writers can gain insights into areas for improvement
and receive valuable feedback on clarity, coherence, and effectiveness.