Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
2 Learning Outcome
To calculate EPS
To calculate diluted EPS
3 EARNING PER SHARE
Refer to MFRS 133
Effective =1 January 2012
Definition : the amount of profit attributable to each equity share
Useful information to investors:
EPS is used by investors to evaluate & compare company
performance
EPS forms the basis for calculating the price-earning ratio (a
standard share market indicator)
Ratio used to value the shares of a company in a variety of
investment decisions – buying shares, mergers & acquisition.
4 EARNING PER SHARE
Applied by:
enterprises whose ordinary shares(OS) or potential
ordinary share (POS) are publicly traded, and
enterprises that are in process of issuing OS or POS
in public securities market
5 EARNING PER SHARE
During year 2021, the numbers of ordinary shares for Mawar Bhd are:
No. of Shares
1 Jan – Balance at beginning year 3,000
1 July – Issue of new shares for cash 1,200
1 Oct - Shares bought back 400
Net profit for the year 2021 are RM1,600. The amounts of preference
dividend declared by Mawar Bhd was RM270(after tax)
Required:
Calculate EPS for 2021 and adjusted EPS for 2020
19 EXAMPLE 2 (con’t)
Number of bonus = 20,000 x2
= 40,000
For year 2021 and 2020, the denominator EPS calculation is 50,
000, 000 (100,000,000 /2) outstanding shares.
24 RIGHTS ISSUE
An invitation to existing shareholders to buy additional shares at
a special price. It is sometimes called renounceable or non-
renounceable right issues.
Renounceable rights are transferable rights to buy share at a
discount while non-renounceable rights is non -transferable.
For example, if the shares of an entity are traded at RM5.00 per
share, and the exercise price under a rights issue is RM4.00 per
share, then for every RM1,000 the entity receives 250 shares
(RM1,000/RM4) under rights issue, whereas if it were to issue a
full market price, it has to issue only 200 shares
(RM1,000/RM5). The additional 50 shares issued are deemed to
be bonus shares.
The notional (not existing in reality) bonus element in a rights
issue may be computed as equal to the difference between the
“market price of the shares cum rights” (cum-right price) and the
“market price of the shares ex-rights” (ex-right price).
Cum rights (or "with" rights) allows a shareholder of record to
subscribe to a rights offering declared by a company. Owners of
25 shares that have cum rights are able to buy new shares, typically
at a price lower than the current market price of the shares in
question.
Ex-right price is the market price that a stock will theoretically
have following a new rights issue.
26 RIGHT ISSUE
the exercise price is often less than the fair value of shares,
therefore, such rights issue includes a bonus element
The number of ordinary shares to be used in calculating
(Basic Earning per Share)BEPS:
the number of ordinary shares X factor *
outstanding prior to right issue
27 RIGHT ISSUE (con’t)
* Right adjustment factor:
= FV per share immediately prior to the exercise of rights
**Theoretical ex-rights value per share
Net profit
2019 2020 2021
RM3,200 RM4,000 RM5,800
Shares outstanding prior to right issue= 1,500 shares
Right issue : One new shares for each five outstanding
Exercise price : RM9.90 (exercise price)
Last date to exercise rights : 1 Mei 2020
Fair value of one ordinary share on 30 April 2020 : RM15.00 (cum
right price)
Solution:
Right issue =1,500 / 5
= 300
Factor = 15 / 14.15
= 1.06
30 EXAMPLE 3 ...RIGHT ISSUE (Con’t)
BEPS 2020:
= 4,000
(1,500 x 1.06 x4/12) + (1,800 x 8/12)
= RM2.31
BEPS 2021
= 5,800 / 1,800
= RM3.22
DILUTED EARNING PER SHARE
32
(DEPS)
• Diluted EPS means decrease or reduction in EPS.
• EPS may decrease if the equity profit is divided by a greater number
of equity shares which can arise because of existing commitments
regarding share capital such as warrant, option and convertible
securities.
• MFRS 133 defines these commitments as potential ordinary share
(POS) which are defined as “ a financial instrument or other contract
that may entitle its holder to ordinary shares”.
• Diluted EPS must be shown to indicate the potential that the current
EPS may be diluted in future because of those POS.
• The dilution is not an actual one, but potential dilution, which may or
may not occur in the future.
• The information about DEPS is important because shareholders and
investors should be made aware of potential danger that the EPS is
future may be diluted if existing POS were all converted or exercised to
ordinary shares of the company.
33 DILUTED EARNING PER
SHARE(DEPS)
POS – financial instrument or other contract that may entitle its holder
to OS:
a) convertible preference shares
b) convertible debt
c) share warrants and options
d) employee plan eg: ESOS
Net profit and weighted average number of shares should be adjusted
for the effect of all ‘dilutive potential ordinary shares’(DPOS)
DEPS – more forward looking & is intended to act as a warning to
existing/prospective shareholders
34 DILUTED EPS (Con’t)
The information about Kenanga Bhd for the year 2021 are:
Net profit RM250,000
BEPS = RM250,000
62,500
= RM4
41 EXAMPLE 4
DEPS: NI =RM250,000
Increase in earning =0
Increase in numbers of OS:
Numbers of shares under option 8,000
(-) Number of shares that would been issued at FV
[(8,000 x 12) / 16] 6,000
Incremental shares issued without consideration
2,000
Para 42 :
An entity uses profit or loss from continuing operations
attributable to the parent entity as the control number to
establish whether potential ordinary shares are dilutive
or antidilutive.
Profit or loss from continuing operations attributable to
the parent entity shall excludes items relating to
discontinued operations.
44 EXAMPLE 5 – DEPS
The information about Dahlia Bhd for the year 2021 are:
POS
OS outstanding 50,000
Average FV of one OS during year RM25
Solution:
BEPS = RM125,000 / 50,000
= RM2.50
46 EXAMPLE 5 (Cont’)
1. Option
Increase in earning = 0
(RM25)
= 2,100
Increase in EPIS = 0
2,100
=0 < RM2.5
(dilutive)
47 EXAMPLE 5 (Con’t)
2. 8% Convertible bond
= 2,500 shares
Ranking:
1. Option (0)
2. 8% Convertible bond (1.20)
3. Convertible Preference share (1.5)
50 EXAMPLE 5 (Con’t)
Calculation of DEPS:
1. Basic + Option
= RM125,000 + 0
50,000 + 2,100
= RM125,000
52,100
= RM2.40
51 EXAMPLE 5 (Con’t)
Calculation of DEPS:
3. Basic+option+C.Bond+C.Preference Share
= RM128,000 + RM30,000
54,600 + 20,000
= RM158,000
74,600
= RM2.12
Calculation of BEPS
consider the proportion of POS that have been converted to OS
Average fair value of one ordinary share during the year 2021 is RM2
per share and fair value of one ordinary share on 31 December 2021 is
RM2.50. Net profit for the year 2021 is RM3,000,000. Tax rate is 25%.
56 EXAMPLE 6 (Cont’)
Required:
1. Calculate Basic EPS at 31/12/2021
2. Calculate earnings per incremental share for each
potential ordinary share (POS)
3. Calculate Diluted EPS
57 Solution:
1. Basic EPS:
Earning
= 3,000,000 – (700,000 x 7% x 75%)
= 3,000,000 – 36,750
= 2,963,250
Numbers of OS outstanding
= 10,000,000 + 10,000,000 + (3,000,000/1,000 x 1,000 x 2 x 8/12)
+ (300,000 x 4 x 2 x 7/12)
= 20,000,000 + 4,000,000 + 1,400,000
= 25,400,000
58 Solution:
Basic EPS
= RM2,963,250
25,400,000
= RM0.1167
59
Solution:
2. Earning per incremental share for each POS
Convertible Loan
Increase in earning
= (3,000,000 x 12% x 4/12 x 75%) + (7,000,000 x 12% x 75%)
= 90,000 + 630,000
= 720,000
Increase in number of OS
= (3,000,000/1,000 x 1,000 x 2 x 4/12) + (7,000,000/1,000 x 1,000 x 2)
= 16,000,000
EPIS
= 720,000 /16,000,000
= 0.045 (< 0.1168)
dilutive
60 Solution:
2. Earning per incremental share for each POS..cont
Increase in number of OS
= (300,000 x 4 x 2 x 5/12) + (700,000 x 4 x 2)
= 1,000,000 + 5,600,000
= 6,600,000
EPIS
= 36,750/ 6,600,000
= 0.0056 (< 0.1168)
dilutive
61
Solution:
2. Earning per incremental share for each POS..cont
Option
Increase in earning = 0
Increase in number of OS
= 12,000,000 x (2 – 1)/2 x 5/12
= 2,500,000 (no bonus issue as the grant date is later than bonus issue
date)
EPIS
= 0 / 2,500,000
= 0 (< 0.1168)
dilutive
62 Solution:
Ranking:
1. Option (0)
2. Convertible Preference Share (0.0056)
3. Convertible Loan (0.045)
63 Solution
Earning (RM) ÷ Unit of DEPS
Outstanding (RM)
Shares
BEPS 2,963,250 25,400,000 0.1167
+ Option 0 2,500,000
2,963,250 27,900,000 0.1062
+ Convertible Preference 36,750 6,600,000
Share
3,000,000 34,500,000 0.0870
+ Convertible Loan 720,000 16,000,000
3,720,000 50,500,000 0.0737
DEPS = RM0.0737
64
PRESENTATION
Para 64:
An entity shall present in the statement of comprehensive income
basic and diluted earnings per share for profit or loss from continuing
operations attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent
entity.
Para 68:
An entity that reports a discontinued operation shall disclose the basic
and diluted amounts per share for the discontinued operation either in
the statement of comprehensive income or in the notes.
Para 69:
An entity shall present basic and diluted earnings per share, even if the
amounts are negative (ie a loss per share).
65
DISCLOSURE (Para 70)
69