Group 4

CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Rice is the most important food that almost all Filipinos
consume daily, about three times a day. Unfortunately, rice
production in the rice fields or farms is becoming slow due to one
reason: pests that cause the emptiness and discoloration of the
rice grains. This is mainly caused by a pest called “Rice Earhead
Bugs" or "Leptocorisa oratoria". These insects prefer to feed in
the early stages of the host plant's growth when the starches in the
grains have not fully developed (Serrano et al., 2014).
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• Rice earhead bugs cause damage during rainy seasons in countries like Australia and

the Philippines (Reji & Chander, 2007).

• Pesticides pose health and environmental risks due to their widespread use

(Mahmood et al., 2016).

• Waste sweet orange and Manzano banana peels contain compounds that can serve as

natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides (Lengai & Muthomi, 2018).

• D-limonene in orange peels and saponins in banana peels have insecticidal

properties (Mursiti et al., 2019).

• Saponins found in fruit peels are being researched for their potential use in pest

control (Krigiel et al., 2017).

 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of

Waste Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peels Extract
banana (Musa acuminata) peels extract as
pesticide against rice earhead bugs(Leptocorisa
oratoria).
 INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
To seek the answer which among the treatments [T1 (15ml of Sweet Orange peels
extract; 5ml of Manzano banana peels extract), T2 (10ml of Sweet Orange peels extract;
10ml of Manzno banana peels extract), T3 (5ml of Sweet Orange peels extract; 15ml
banana peels Extract), T4 (20ml Manzano banana peels extract), T5 (20ml of Sweet
Orange peels extract)] is effective in exterminating rice earhead bugs?

To seek the answer if there's any significant difference among the treatments [T1 (15ml
of Sweet Orange peels extract; 5ml of Manzano banana peels extract), T2 (10ml of
Sweet Orange peels extract; 10ml of Manzno banana peels extract), T3 (5ml of Sweet
Orange peels extract; 15ml banana peels Extract), T4 (20ml Manzano banana peels
extract), T5 (20ml of Sweet Orange peels extract)] in exterminating rice earhead bugs in
terms of exterminated rice earhead bugs?

To seek the answer if there's any significant difference among the treatments [T1 (15ml
of Sweet Orange peels extract; 5ml of Manzano banana peels extract), T2 (10ml of
Sweet Orange peels extract; 10ml of Manzno banana peels extract), T3 (5ml of Sweet
Orange peels extract; 15ml banana peels Extract), T4 (20ml Manzano banana peels
extract), T5 (20ml of Sweet Orange peels extract)] comparable to T6 (commercialized
insecticide) in exterminating rice earhead bugs?
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Department of Agriculture:
The study investigates the potential use of waste orange and
banana peel extracts as pesticides for rice earhead bugs, with
a focus on promoting organic farming practices and
minimizing environmental impact.

Farmers:
This research presents an eco-friendly approach to pest
control, aiming to decrease farmers' dependence on chemical
pesticides, reduce production costs, and improve food safety
standards.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Consumers:
The initiative repurposes food waste to address environmental
concerns associated with chemical pesticide use, ensuring
safer food production methods, potentially leading to lower
rice prices, and appealing to environmentally conscious
consumers.

Future Researchers:
This study offers innovative solutions for pest management,
contributing to the enhancement of analytical skills, serving
as a reference for future studies on agricultural sustainability,
and striving to make a positive impact on future generations.
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
SCOPE
This study explores the effectiveness of
Waste Sweet Orange and Manzano
Banana peel extracts as pesticides
against Rice earhead bugs. Collected
from Zamboanga City and Caragasan
Maasin, these extracts are tested in
Zone 5, Maasin, Zamboanga City. The
study examines seven treatments to
assess their impact on bug mortality,
with a focus on resource availability,
budget allocation, and temperature
constraints.
DELIMITATION
Resource availability, budget
limitations, and practical considerations
guide the boundaries of this study. The
feasibility relies on accessible
equipment, materials, and expertise.
Financial constraints may impact
resource allocation decisions.
Temperature constraints are crucial,
given the bugs' preference for
environments around 38 degrees
Celsius. The study acknowledges this
by focusing on San Ramon,
Zamboanga City, to ensure accurate
assessments of insect activity and
pesticide efficacy.
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Waste Sweet Orange

(Citrus sinensis)Peels and Rice Earhead Bugs
Manzano Banana (Musa (Leptocorisa oratoria).
acuminata x Musa
balbisiana) Peels Extract.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the study using IV-DV model

 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
METHODS AND MATERIALS

In this study we will employ

Completely Randomized
Design(CRD).

This study will employ simple randomized

sampling.
PROCEDURES COLLECTION OF
COLLECTION OF WASTE RICE EARHEAD
ORANGE AND MANZANO BUGS
BANANA

EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM ACCLIMATION

SWEET ORANGE PEELS AND
MANZANO BANANA

APPLICATION
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE
ESSENTIAL OIL
PROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL
SENSORY/PHYSICAL
TEST
STATISTICAL TOOL
pH test

PREPARATION OF
TREATMENTS
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 RESULT
Table 1
pH scale of varying concentration of Sweet Orange Peels and Manzano Banana Peels as pesticides.
AMOUNT OF TREATMENT(ml) pH Test
T1
(15ml SOPE:5ml MBPE ) Acidic
T2
(10ml SOPE:10ml MBPE ) Acidic

T3
(5ml SOPE:15ml MBPE ) Acidic
T4
(20ml MBPE ) Base
T5
(20ml SOPE) Acidic

T6
(COMMERCIALIZED) Acidic
T7
(DISTILLED WATER) Base
SOPE – Sweet Orange Peels Extract MBPE –Manzano Banana Peels Extract
 Table 2
Mean Mortality Rate of Rice Earhead Bugs for 24 hours with the application of the different amount of
treatments of Sweet Orange Peels and Banana Manzano Peels Extract as pesticides.
AMOUNT OF TREATMENT(ml) MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION
T1
(15ml SOPE:5ml MBPE ) 0.7 0.6

T2
(10ml SOPE:10ml MBPE ) 2.7 0.6
T3
(5ml SOPE:15MBPE ) 1.7 0.6
T4
(20ml MBPE ) 1.3 0.6
T5
(20ml SOPE) 2.3 0.6

T6
(COMMERCIALIZED) 3.7 0.6
T7
(DISTILLED WATER) 0.7 0.6
SOPE – Sweet Orange Peels Extract MBPE –Manzano Banana Peels Extract
Table 3
Analyses of variance on the mean number of exterminated Rice Earhead Bugs
One-Way ANOVA (fisher’s)
F df1 df2 p

Rice Earhead Bugs 10.8 6 14 <.001

 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 The pH test showed that Sweet Orange
Peels extract (SOPE) and Banana

pH Manzano Peels Extract (MBPE)

solutions were consistently acidic in
treatments T1 to T5. Treatment T4, with

Test
only 20ml of MBPE, resulted in a base
condition. Even the commercial product
(T6) was acidic, while the control group
(T7) was basic, providing a comparison
baseline.
 Treatment 2, a mix of 10ml SOPE and

Bug
10ml MBPE, had the highest bug
extermination rate. Compounds like d-
limonene from sweet orange peels and

Extermination isoamyl acetate from banana peels

likely contributed to this effectiveness,
showing potential as an alternative
pesticide.
Correlation Higher acidity treatments (T3 and T6)
correlated with higher bug mortality,

with Acidity while the basic treatment (T7) had the

lowest bug count. This suggests acidity
may influence bug infestation levels by
affecting their environment or behavior.
 The study suggests organic extracts

Theoretical from fruit peels, especially acidic ones,

could be alternatives for pest

Implications management. Understanding pH's role

in pest dynamics aids in developing
eco-friendly pest control strategies.
 These findings could be applied in

Practical agriculture, using natural extracts as

insecticides or repellents. Exploring
their efficacy on other pests can widen
Applications their use in diverse crop systems.
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
pH Levels
The study concludes that treatments with Sweet Orange Peels
Extract (SOPE) and Manzano Banana Peels Extract (MBPE)
were predominantly acidic, with some variations based on
treatment composition. While all mixtures with SOPE and
MBPE were acidic, Treatment 4, containing only MBPE,
displayed a basic pH level.
Bug Population
The average number of Rice Earhead Bugs varied
across treatments, with Treatment 2 having the highest
bug count on average and Treatment 1 having the
lowest. These results align with previous research
indicating that citrus peel extracts are acidic and
potentially beneficial for pest control.
Future Research
Further studies should explore different citrus peel
extracts and combinations with other natural bug
killers. Long-term field tests are also recommended to
assess their efficacy over time. While citrus peel
extracts show promise for pest management, more
research is needed to understand their mechanisms
and optimize their use.
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
Increased Extract Amount:
The researchers recommend using higher amounts of Sweet
Orange and Manzano Banana Peels extract to effectively
exterminate Rice earhead Bugs. Treatments with larger quantities
of these extracts demonstrated higher mortality rates compared to
those with smaller amounts.

Phytochemical Analysis:
It is suggested to conduct phytochemical analysis tests on the
extracts of Sweet Orange and Manzano Banana Peels to determine
their chemical structure and identify the components responsible
for their effectiveness in bug extermination.
Validation and Replication:
Validation of the effectiveness of Sweet Orange and Manzano
Banana peels through replication of the study is recommended. This
ensures the reliability and consistency of the results across different
settings.

Alternative Insecticide:
Sweet Orange and Manzano Banana Peels are proposed as alternative
insecticides for use in various Rice Farms, offering a natural and
potentially eco-friendly solution for pest management.
Product Improvement:
There is a recommendation to improve the product
for better efficacy against Rice earhead Bugs,
possibly through refining extraction methods or
adjusting formulations for enhanced pest control.
 CONTENTS

PROBLEM OBJECTIVES BENEFICIARIES

METHODS AND
BOUNDARIES RESULTS
BOUNDARIES

DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCES

CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
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