CEDAW

Convention on the Elimination of all

forms of Discrimination Against
Women
 Women need rights
Title Layout
Subtitle
 What is CEDAW?
• It was an international treaty that was adopted in 1979 by the United Nations
General Assembly.
• It talks about women's rights
• Points out all constitutes of discrimination against women.
• This idea sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination
women need rights
• In short, CEDAW promotes basic human rights achieves progress, and
overcomes barriers of discrimination against women
• Convention on the elimination of all forms of
discrimination against women and making it a global
concern.
• Its main aspect is to give people realization about the
equality between men and women.
• This idea tries to ensure the basic rights and national,
political, and personal rights of a woman.
• It treats the reproductive rights of women and targets
traditional influences.
Article 1: Definitions of Discrimination

defines discrimination against

women to cover all facts of
human rights and fundamental
freedom
Article 2: Obligation to eliminate
discrimination
• countries must eliminate discriminatory
laws, policies, and practices in the national
legal framework
• country duties
• policy measures
Article 3: Development of women
• women are fundamentally equal with men
in all spheres of life
• countries must take measures to uphold
women’s equality in the political, social,
economic and cultural fields
Article 6: Acceleration of Equality
• countries may implement temporary special
measures to accelerate women’s equality
• temporary special measure
Article 5: Sex roles and Stereotyping

• countries agree to modify or

eliminate practices based on
assumptions about the
inferiority or superiority of
either sex
Add a Slide Title - 2
Article 6: Exploitation of women

• countries agree to take steps to

suppress the exploitation of
prostitution and trafficking of
women
 Conclusion
• CEDAW aims to eradicate gender discrimination. Currently,
there are some disagreements and some misunderstandings
about the articles and the convention as a whole. But all
these need to be solved to attain a society where a person’s
gender doesn’t specify what type of treatment they get.
• all discrimination against women must end
• women have the right to participate without any
discrimination in all aspects
1965 International Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms
of Racial Discrimination
 Introduction
• The prohibition against racial discrimination is fundamental and deeply entrenched
in international law. It has been recognized as having the exceptional character
of jus cogens which creates obligations erga omnes, an obligation from which no
derogation is acceptable.
• The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (hereinafter “ICERD” or “the Convention”) is the centerpiece of the
international regime for the protection and enforcement of the right against racial
The Convention
• The International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination was adopted in 1965 and
entered into force in 1969. It remains the
principal international human rights instrument
defining and prohibiting racial discrimination
in all sectors of private and public life.
Article 1: Definition of Racial
Discrimination
• The Convention defines “racial discrimination” as:
“any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based
on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin which
has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of
human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political,
economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life”
(article 1).
Article 2: State Obligations
• The States ratifying the Convention undertake to eliminate
racial discrimination through all means, including
legislation, policies, educational initiatives, or prosecutions.
Each State party must act to end racial discrimination “in all
its forms”, to take no action as a State, and to ensure that no
public entity does so whether national or local. States must
not sponsor, defend, or support racial discrimination in any
way. States must immediately review and rescind or nullify
existing laws that create or perpetuate racial discrimination.
d. Measures to Combat Prejudices
• Article 7 of the Convention is often overlooked and
under-utilized. It could be argued, however, that in its
focus on the fields of “teaching, education, culture
and information” it goes to the most important
approaches to achieving the objectives of the
Convention. Under Article 7, States parties undertake
to adopt measures to short-circuit prejudices before
they are deeply entrenched in society.
• The States parties have an obligation to undertake
effective measures to prevent the formation of
prejudices by using positive methods such as public
education campaigns, curricula in schools and cross-
group cultural programs to promote understanding
and the value of diversity. CERD has also
recognized the importance of anti-racist training for
law enforcement officers
• The 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination serves a crucial purpose in promoting equality and combating racial
prejudice.
• Universal Respect for Human Rights: The Convention recognizes that the dignity
and equality inherent in all human beings form the foundation of the United
Nations Charter. It emphasizes that all member states must work together to achieve
universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
without distinction based on race, sex, language, or religion.
• Elimination of Racial Discrimination: The Convention reaffirms that all human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It condemns any doctrine of
racial superiority as scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust, and
dangerous. The goal is to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and
manifestations.
• Peaceful Relations Among Nations: Discrimination based
on race, color, or ethnic origin is an obstacle to friendly and
peaceful relations among nations. The Convention aims to
prevent racial segregation and discrimination, promoting
harmony among people living side by side, even within the
same state.
• In summary, the Convention seeks to create a world where
all individuals are treated equally, regardless of their racial
or ethnic background, fostering a global community built on
respect, understanding, and justice .
Convention against
Discrimination in
Education
INTRODUCTION
• The right to education is internationally recognized. It is an integral part of
UNESCO’s constitutional mandate. The Constitution of UNESCO expresses
the belief of its founders in “Full and equal opportunities for education for
all.” UNESCO’s
• Convention against Discrimination in Education (CADE, 1960), the first
instrument in the field of the right to education, is of prime importance among
several standard-setting instruments adopted by UNESCO in the field of
education, which develop the right to education in its various dimensions.
•
Key facts about the Convention against
Discrimination in Education
• It is the first legally binding international
instrument that is entirely dedicated to the right to
education.
• The Convention is recognized as a cornerstone of
the Education 2030 Agenda and is a powerful tool
to advance inclusive and equitable quality education
for all.
What does the Convention guarantee?

• The Convention reaffirms that education is not a luxury,

but a fundamental human right. It highlights states'
obligations to ensure free and compulsory
education, bans any form of
discrimination and promotes equality of educational
opportunity. States that have ratified the Convention are
obliged to implement the right to education as it is
elaborated in the text.
The main provisions of the treaty include:
• Primary education is free and compulsory
• Secondary education in its different forms, generally available and
accessible to all
• Higher education equally accessible to all based on individual capacity
• Equivalent standards of education in all public educational institutions
of the same level and conditions in relation to quality
• Opportunities for those who missed all or part of their primary
education and their continuation of education
• Training opportunities for the teaching profession without
discrimination
• Education shall be directed to the full
development of the human personality and to
the strengthening of respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms
• The liberty of parents to choose for their
children’s education in conformity with their
moral and religious beliefs
• The right of members of national minorities to
carry on their own educational activities
Conclusion
 This convention aims to eliminate discrimination in
education based on factors such as race, color, sex, language,
religion, and social origin.
 Ensure equal access to education for all individuals.
o Prohibit discriminatory practices in educational institutions.
o Promote equality of opportunity in education.
o Uphold the right to free and compulsory education.
o Foster understanding and cooperation among nations through
education.