GEOGRAPHY 2 - Without the atmosphere life on earth

02-22-24 will be impossible

HISTORY TODAY:
On February 22, 1889, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote a
letter to a group of young women of Malolos (Sa mga
Kababaihan ng Malolos)
TRIVA:
The tallest person on earth is Robert Wadlow
AKA Alton giant and/or Giant of Illinois with a height of
2.72 meters (8.2”) He is an American. He was born,
lived and raised in Alto, Illinois (City in Missouri). Born
on February 22, 1918 in Alton, Illinois, US. Died on July
15, 1940 at the age of 22 in Michigan, US.
DISCUSSION:
Graphic Representation
 Globe- is used by geographers as the closest
representation of the Earth.
- it is easier to explain
- globe can show the locations in their
true relation to one another
- round/spherical map of the Earth
 Evolution of the Globe
- The earliest was constructed by the
Greek geographer Crates of Mallus
(15 B.C.)
 Differences of Map and Globe
 Lines on the Globe
1. Meridians- Longitude lines
- From North to South pole
- They are measure in degrees
2. Parallels of latitude
- The lines of the globe that intersect
from meridian to East to West
- Special latitude lines
* Tropic of cancer
*Tropic of Capricorn
*Arctic circle
*Antarctic circle
WEATHER AND CLIMATE
*Weather- a local and temporary condition in the
air or the atmosphere
*pagbabago ng panahon
*Climate- They are associated with place, it includes the
daily, seasonal and yearly variation in the weather.
*Latitude is a factor in climate because temperature
changes from season to season depending on the
different angles at which the rays of the sun strike the
surface of the Earth
*Low Latitudes are between the tropic of cancer and the
tropic of Capricorn. These parallels are 231/2 degrees
North and South of the equator
High latitudes are the regions from the arctic and
Antarctic circle to the poles
*Middle latitudes between tropic of cancer and the arctic
circle in the North and tropic of Capricorn and the
Antarctic circle on the South
ATMOSPHERE
- The Earth is surrounded by all kinds
of gases and this layer is called
‘atmosphere,’ from the word “atmo”
that means “gas or vapor.”
- The atmosphere gives us air, water,
heat, and it protects us against the
harmful rays of the sun and against
meteorites.
- This layer around the earth is
colorless, odorless, tasteless, sea of
gases, water, and fined dust.
- The atmosphere is made up of with
different layers that has different
function.
- It also consists of 78% nitrogen 21%
oxygen, 0.93% argon, and 0.3%
carbon dioxide, 0.4% for other
gases.
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
1. Troposphere- is the layer where the weather
happens. (Boundary tropopause)
- Is the lowest layer of the atmosphere
and measures about 7 miles/12 km
- Contains over 75% of all the
atmosphere gases and vast quantities
of water and gas.
2. Stratosphere- extends from the tropopause up to
its boundary (stratopause)
- 31miless/15km above the earth
surface
- 19% of the atmosphere gases are
from the stratosphere.
- Contains water vapor
*movements of the gases are very slow
*within the stratosphere is the ozone layer
(ozone gas that absorbs the ultraviolet rays from
the sun).
3. Mesosphere- above the stratosphere, extends to
its upper boundary (mesopause).
- From the 50miles/80km above the
ground
- The gases in mesosphere are too
thin to absorb such from the sun’s
heat
- Temp. drops from -184℉/120℃
4. Thermosphere
5. Ionosphere
6. Exosphere
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
1. Temperature- quantity of the heat present in a
particular mass
- Heat is a form of energy and is
comes mostly from the sun
- The energy of the sun change into
heat when its rays strike the surface
of the earth.
2. Precipitation- refers to the decent of all form of
moisture from the atmosphere
3. Humidity
4. Atmosphere pressure
5. Wind
FACTORS OF CLIMATE
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
 3. Distribution of land bodies of water
4. Homographic barriers
5. Pressure and wind
6. Ocean current
7. Storm
02-26-24
TRIVIA: 02-26-1937
*Zamboanga became a city through the virtue of
Commonwealth Act. Currently, it’s a 1 st class highly
urbanized City.
*Shortest man according to Guinness World of
Records was Chandria Dami, from Nepal with the height
of 21.5 inches tall. Shortest woman was Jyoti Ange an
Indian Actress, at present she is 30 yrs. Old.
HISTORY TODAY: 02-26-1907
Nanumpa ng katapatan si Apolinario Mabini sa
Estados Unidos. Si Mabini ay isang revolutionary leader
and one of our national heroes. He became the first
Prime Minister of the first Philippine Republic.
ASPECT OF PRECIPITATION
- This is the depth of the hypothetical
layer of water.
1. The seasonal distribution of precipitation- it tells
whether adequate rainfall will be available
during the rainy season of a region.
2. Dependability of precipitation- it refers to the
relative responding to the amount of rainfall
within a year. (Year to year)
3. Humidity- refers to the pressure of water to the
water vapor.
- Is a significant element of weather
and climate.
*Is the source of all precipitation,
therefore it influences the amount of
distribution
*The molecules of water vapor
absorb solar and terrestrial radiation
*It absorbs a large amount of heat
*Sensible temperature
4. Atmospheric pressure- it refers to the mass
weight of a column of air above the given of
storm.
5. Wind- it is an air
*Air is passing through horizontal
motion
*Through winds we determine the
nature of the climate.
03-05-1899
TRIVIA:
03-06-1951
HISTORY TODAY:
Fort Santiago was declared as a national shrine.
*In memories of national heroes and
martyrs who had been in prison and sacrifice their lives
for our liberty.
03-06-1909
HISTORY TODAY:
The University of the Philippines Los Baños
founded by the American Botanist and a pioneer
Thomasites (Teachers in US) was established.
TRIVIA:
The longest national anthem is in Greece it has
158 stanzas, while, the shortest is in Japan with only 4
stanzas (Kimigayo), oldest lyric (794 AD).
*No lyric in Spain
*No national anthem, Cyprus
*They used many languages is the national
anthem of South Africa
THEORIES OF THE CREATION OF THE WORLD
Two Types:
a. Scientific theory- napatunayan sa pamamagitan
ng pagsasaliksik at ebidensiya
b. Non-scientific theory- they believe of “Flat
Earth” and Creationism, it is biblical based
theories, they believe that earth is made by only
one powerful force.
02-26-1616
Cardinal Bellarmine warned Galileo not to hold,
teach, or depend the Copernican Theory (that the earth
revolves around the sun)
*Creationism- found in the book of Genesis
*Creationist believed that Earth is 12,000 years old
- they computed the ages of ancestors before
Christ
ACCORDING TO CREATIONISTS:
1. Hindi maaaring dumaan and araw at planeta sa
proseso kondensasiyon mula sa malamig na ulap
at alikabok.
2. Maliit lang ang angular momentum ng araw
kung ihahambing sa mga planeta.
3. Nasa mga planeta ang angular momentum ng
sistemang solar.
4. May mga sobrang laki at tagilid sa planeta sa
orbit.
5. Umiikot ng pasalungat sa ibang planeta ang
Uranus at Venus.
6. Pantay-pantay ang distribution ng angular
momentum ng mg satellite.
7. Higit na mababa ang density ng buwan kaysa
araw.
8. Kadalasang nasa maliit na planeta ang mabibigat
na materyal.
MGA TEORYA SA PINAGMULAN NG DAIGDIG
1. Nebular theory- Emmanuel Kant at Pierre Simon
Laplace (mga siyentistang Aleman (German)
- Ayon kay Simon Laplace ang
daigdig ay isang namuong gas
- taon na ang nakalilipas.
- Maliit na bituin
2. Dust cloud- siyentistang ebolusyonista
- Alikabok ng meteorite
3. Dynamic encounter- Ipinanukala ni George Luis
France
- Nagmula ang daigdig sa collision ng
comet at araw
4. Condensation Theory- pinanukala ni Robert
Jastow
 - Nasa (malaking tipak) ng hydrogen below the ocean surface
at atomic gas Largest Sea South China Sea, 1, 148, 500 sq
5. Solar Disruption- scientist evolutionist miles
- Tungkol ito sa malaking bituin na Highest Lake Lake Titicaca in Peru, 12, 506
feet above sea level
bumangga sa araw
Lowest Lake Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan,
6. Planetesimal theory- Forest Ray surface of water 1, 302 feet
Moulton/Thomas C. Chamberlin above sea level
- Ayon sa teoryang ito nagsama-sama Largest Lake Caspian Sea, 152, 239 sq miles
ang mga planetoid (nagmula sa mga Largest Freshwater Lake Superior, US-Canada, 31,
tipak) Lake 700 sq miles
7. Collision- panukala ng mga siyentista Deepest Lake Lake Baikal, USSR, 5, 315 feet
- Dalawang malalking bituin ang deep
Deepest Ocean Pacific Ocean, average depth
nagbanggaan
14,000 feet
8. Big Bang Theory- George Lemaite
Largest Ocean Pacific Ocean, 64,000,000 sq
- Nanatiling tahimik ang sistemang miles
solar hanggang sa niyanig ito ng Smallest Ocean Arctic Ocean, 5,440,200 sq
malakas na pagsabog 5 hanggang 10 miles
bilyong taon na ang nakalilipas Largest Gulf Gulf of Mexico, 580,000 sq
miles
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE EARTH Largest Bay The Bay of Bengal, 839,000 sg
miles
1. Kalupaan- lupa, kontinente…
Largest Island Greenland, 840,000 sq miles
2. Klima
Largest Peninsula Arabia, 1,250,000 sq miles
3. Katubigan- oceans, seas Largest Atoll (Land Christmas Island (Kiritimari
4. Buhay Halaman- wullawul (Martial Law leaf) area) since 1980), Pacific Ocean, 94
5. Buhay Hayop- tarsier, tamaraw… sq miles
6. Mineral- yamang mineral Largest Indonesia, 3,500-mile stretch of
- Africa is rich in mineral resources Archipelago 13,000 Islands
Largest Gorge Grand Canyon, Colorado river,
03-19-24 Arizona, US, 277 miles long, 1-
18 miles wide, 1 mile ddeep
HISTORY TODAY: 03-19-1723
Deepest Gorge Hells Canyon, Snake River,
Josefa Gabriela Silang the first Filipino woman Idaho, 7,900 feet deep
revolutionist was born in Sta, Ilocos, Sur. She and her Longest Mountain The Andes of South America,
troupes was captured in Abra on September 29, 1763 and Range 5,000 miles
hanged in Vigan Plaza. Longest River The Nile, Africa, 4,145 miles
Shortest River The Roe, Montana, US, 201
03-18-1928 feet long
Fidel V. Ramos 12th President of The Philippines Largest River The Amazon, South America,
Basin of 2,720,000 sq miles
was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan
Longest Estuary OB River, Russia, 550 miles
long up to 50 miles wide
TRIVIA: Largest Lagoon Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 158
Ferdinand Edralin Marcos Sr. served 20 years miles long, 4,110 sq miles
and 57 days (he is the only President who served for Highest waterfall Angel Falls, Venezuela, 3,281
over 2 terms). feet high
Sergio Osmeña spent 1 year and 300 days in
office (1944-1946)-Japanese Era—Nationalist Party
US longest serving President was Franklin
Roosevelt (1933-1945)
William Henry Harrison (9th Pres) served only
for 32 days (1941). First US President who died in office

GEOGRAPHY
Largest Continent Asia- 17, 212, 041 sq miles
Smallest ContinentAustralia- 2, 967, 966 sq miles
Highest Mountain Mt. Everest- Himalayas
Mountains, Nepal-Tibet, 29,
098 feet above sea level
Lowest point on The Dead Sea- Israel-Jordan,
Land water surface 1, 302 feet above
sea level
Highest Mt. Pico of Azores Islands 7,
Underwater Peak 613 feet above sea surface,
20,000 feet below sea surface to
sea floor
Deepest Mariana Trench- 200 miles
Underwater Trench south-west of Guam in the
Pacific Ocean, 36, 198 feet