content

• INTRODUCTION

• ONE WAY SLAB

• JOINT SLAB

• TWO WAY SLAB

• FLAT SLAB

• FLAT PLATES

• WAFFLE SLABS

• HOLLOW CORE SLAB

• HARDY SLAB

• BUBBLE DECK SLAB

• COMPOSITE SLAB

• PRE CAST SLAB

introduction
Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal in
building floors, roofs, bridges, and other types of structures. The
slab may be supported by walls or by reinforced concrete beams
usually cast monolithically with the slab or by structural steel
beams or by columns, or by the ground.
Flat slab
These type of reinforced slabs are
supported directly by columns or
caps, without the use of beams.
This type of slab is generally easy
to construct and requires little
formwork. The loads are directly
transferred to the columns.

Flat slabs are most suitable for

spans of 6- 9m, and for live loads
of 4-8KN/m2
One way slab
on beam
One way slab is supported by
beams on the two opposite sides
to carry the load along one
direction. The ratio of longer span
to shorter span is >= 2. such slabs
bends in the direction along its
shorter span. Main reinforcement
is provided in shorter span and
distribution reinforcement is
provided in longer span.
Distribution bars are cranked to
resist the formation of stresses.
Two way slab Two-way slabs are supported on all
sides. Slabs on beams are suitable for
spans between 6-9m, and live loads of
3-6KN/m2 . The reinforcements in
both direction increase the stiffness of
the slabs, producing relatively low
deflection. Additional formwork for
the primary and secondary beams is
needed.
Joint slab(ribbed)
It consists of a floor slab, usually 50 to 100mm thick, supported by
reinforced concrete ribs (joists). The ribs are usually tapered and
are uniformly spaced at distances that do not exceed 750mm. The
ribs are supported on girders that rest on columns. A one-way joist
concrete slab is suitable for spans of 6-9m and live loads of 4-
6KN/m2. Because of the deep ribs, the concrete and steel
quantities are relatively low, but expensive formwork is needed
Waffle slabs
This type of slab contains
square grids with deep sides.
Waffle slab construction
process includes fixing
forms, placement of pods on
shuttering, installation of
reinforcement between pods,
installation of steel mesh on
top of pods, and pouring of
concrete.

Grid slabs are suitable for

spans of 9-15m and live
loads of 4-7 KN/m2
Hollow core
slab
It is a type of precast slab
through which cores are
inserted. The slab self-weight
decreases considerably and
structural efficiency increases,
the cores also act as service
ducts.
It is suitable for cases where
fast constructions are desired.
There is no restriction on the
span of the hollow core slab
units, and their standard width
is 120mm and depth ranges
from 110mm to 400mm.
It is suitable for offices, retail
or car park developments.
 It is constructed using hordy bricks which significantly decline the
amount of concrete and hence the slab self-weight. The thickness of slab
is commonly greater than conventional slab at around 270mm.

Hardy slab It is economical for spans of length up to 5m, and it reduces the quantity
of concrete below neutral axis, and moderate live loads shall be
imposed. It is constructed at locations where the temperatures are very
high. The application of this type of slab can be seen in Dubai and
China.
These slabs are constructed by placing plastic bubbles and then
steel reinforcement is placed between and over plastic bubbles and
fresh concrete is poured.
Bubble Deck slabs reduce weight, increase strength, larger spans
can be provided, fewer columns needed, no beams or ribs under
the ceiling are required. It reduces the total cost of construction &
is also environmentally friendly as it reduces amount of concrete.

Bubble deck slab

Precast slab
Precast concrete slabs are
casted and cured in
manufacturing plants, and
then delivered to the
construction site to be
erected. The most
outstanding advantage of the
preparation of slabs in
manufacturing plants is the
increase in efficiency and
higher quality control which
may not be achieved on site.
The most commonly used
precast slabs are the channel
and double-T types
Composite slab
These slabs are constructed as
reinforced concrete cast on top
of profiled steel decking. The
decking acts as formwork and
working area during the
construction phase, and it also
acts as external reinforcement
during service life of the slab.
For a steel decking of
thickness between 50-60mm,
the span of the slab can reach
up to 3m. However, if the steel
decking thickness is increased
up to 80mm, slabs with span of
4.5m can be constructed