Polyhalogen
Compounds
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Polyhalogen Compounds
2. Dichloro Methane (Methylene Chloride)
3. Trichloro Methane (Chloroform)
4. Triiodo Methane (Iodoform)
5. Tetrachloro Methane (Carbon Tetrachloride)
6. Freons
7. p,p’-Dichlorodiphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT)
INTRODUCTION TO POLYHALOGEN
COMPOUNDS
Properties and Uses
Polyhalogen compounds are often highly reactive, used in organic synthesis
for introducing halogen atoms into molecules. They find applications in
pharmaceuticals and materials science.
3
DICHLORO METHANE (METHYLENE CHLORIDE)
Chemical Structure Applications in Industry
Dichloro Methane, also known as Dichloro Methane is widely used as a
Methylene Chloride, has a chemical solvent in various industries such as
formula CH2Cl2. pharmaceuticals and paint stripping.
It is composed of two chlorine atoms, It is also utilized in the production of
two hydrogen atoms, and a carbon atom polycarbonate resins and foam blowing
in its structure. agents due to its low boiling point and
solvency properties.
4
TRICHLORO METHANE (CHLOROFORM)
Historical Uses Toxicity and Safety Concerns
Chloroform, also known as Trichloro Methane, was Chloroform is toxic when inhaled, causing
historically used as an anesthetic in surgeries. dizziness, nausea, and headache.
It was commonly used in the 19th and early 20th Prolonged exposure can lead to liver and kidney
centuries for medical procedures due to its sedative damage, highlighting the importance of proper
properties. handling and ventilation.
5
TRIIODO METHANE (IODOFORM)
Preparation Methods Medical Applications
Iodoform is prepared by reacting ethanol with Iodoform is used as an antiseptic in medicine due
iodine and sodium hydroxide.
to its germicidal properties.
The reaction involves the oxidation of ethanol to
It is also employed in the treatment of skin infections
acetaldehyde followed by halogenation.
and wounds.
6
TETRACHLORO METHANE (CARBON TETRACHLORIDE)
Environmental Impact
• Tetrachloro Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming.
• It is a persistent organic pollutant that can contaminate soil and water sources.
Regulatory Status
• Tetrachloro Methane is regulated by environmental agencies due to its toxicity and environmental hazards.
• It is classified as a hazardous substance under various environmental regulations.
7
FREONS
Introduction to Freons Impact on Ozone Layer
Freons are synthetic compounds used as Freons contain chlorine atoms that deplete the
refrigerants in various applications. ozone layer.
They were widely used in air conditioning The release of Freons contributes to the thinning of
systems and aerosol propellants. the ozone layer, leading to harmful UV radiation
reaching the Earth’s surface.
8
P,P’-DICHLORODIPHENYL TRICHLOROETHANE (DDT)
History of DDT
• DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler.
• It gained popularity as an insecticide during World War II.
Environmental Controversy
• DDT was banned in the US in 1972 due to its harmful effects on wildlife.
• Studies linked DDT to thinning eggshells in birds, impacting ecosystems
