TREATMENT, IMMUNIZATION, PREVENTION & CONTROL OF DENGUE

NAME: Mohammad Syarani Bin Najmuddin ID NUMBER: 101

TREATMENT
No specific medication in treating dengue infection. If a person thinks that he got a dengue fever, he should use: Analgesics (pain releiver) Acetaminophen Must drugs containing: Ibuprofen Naproxen Aspirin Aspirin-containing drugs

AVOID

Rest and drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration Avoid mosquito bites while febrile. Consult a physician as soon as possible.

TREATMENT
For Acute Dengue: Treatment for acute dengue is supportive measures: mild or moderate disease: oral or intravenous rehydration. severe case: intravenous fluid and blood transfusion.

For Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF): No specific treatment aslo. If a clinical diagnosis is made early, fluid replacement therapy can effectively treat DHF For adequate management, hospitalization is needed.

immunization
No vaccine to protect against dengue. Developing a vaccine for dengue is quite challenging due to: With 4 closely related viruses that can cause the disease, the vaccine must immunize against all 4 types to be effective. Limited understanding how the disease typically behaves and how the virus interacts with the immune system. Lack of laboratory animal models available to test immune responses to potential vaccine.

immunization
Despite of that, there are some progression have been made: 2 vaccince candidates in human subjects in countries with endemic disease. Several other potential vaccines are in earlier stages of development. Work up from WHO providing the world in technical advice and guidances to countries to support vaccine research and evaluation.

Prevention & control

The ONLY method of preventing & controlling dengue virus transmission is to combat the vector mosquitoes. Prevention thus depends on control of and protection from the bites of the mosquito that transmits it. The World Health Organization recommends an Integrated Vector Control program consisting of 5 elements:

Integrated Vector Control program

(1) Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation are needed to ensure that public health bodies and communities are strengthened. (2) collaboration between the health and other sectors (public and private)

(5) capacity-building to ensure an adequate response to the local situation.

(4) evidence-based decision making to ensure any interventions are targeted appropriately

(3) an integrated approach to disease control to maximize use of resources

Prevention & control

Aedes aegypti breeding sites

Asia and Americas

-Earthenware jars -Metal drums -Concrete cisterns used for domestic water storage -Discarded plastic food containers -Used automobile tyres. -Other items that collect rain water.

Africas
Natural habitats such as: -Tree holes -Leaves that gather to form cups that catch water.

 In recent years, Aedes albopictus ( a secondary dengue vector in Asia) has become established in the United states, several Latin American and Caribbean countries, parts of Europe & Africa.

Rapid geographic spread of this species is largely attributed to the international trade in used tyres, a breeding habitat.

Prevention & control

Vector control:

Through community-based programme: Environmental management: Proper solid waste disposal Improved water storage practices Covering containers to prevent access by egg-laying female mosquitoes
Chemical methods: Adding insecticides to larval habitats Spraying of organophosphate or pyrethroid

Biological methods: Small mosquito-eating fish Copepods (tiny crustaceans)

Educational methods: wearing clothing that fully covers the skin using mosquito netting while resting application of insect repellent

Prevention & control

chemical biological

Adding insecticides to larval habitats

Small mosquito eating-fish

Copepods (tiny crustaceans)

Spraying of organophosphat e or pyrethroid

Prevention & control

Environmental management educational