PHM 307
Community Pharmacy
Design and Layout
Designing the layout of a
community pharmacy
requires careful
consideration of various
factors to ensure
efficiency, safety, and a
positive customer
experience.
Design and Layout 2
Guidance to layout and design
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Regulatory Compliance
Begin by ensuring compliance with all local,
state, and federal regulations governing the
layout and operation of pharmacies.
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Space Planning
Start with an accurate floor plan of the space
available, including walls, doors, windows,
and any structural elements.
Divide the space into different zones, such as
the sales area, dispensing area, consultation
area, and storage.
Allocate adequate space for each zone based
on the expected workload and customer flow.
5
Customer Flow
Design a clear and logical customer flow
pattern. Customers should be able to move
through the pharmacy easily without
congestion.
Consider placing the sales and OTC (over-the-
counter) products near the entrance to
encourage impulse purchases.
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Sales Area
This is where non-prescription medications,
health and wellness products, and other retail
items are displayed.
Use shelves, racks, and displays to organize
products logically and make them easily
accessible.
Ensure good lighting, clear signage, and an
appealing visual merchandising strategy to
attract customers.
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Dispensing Area
Heart of the pharmacy where prescriptions are
processed and medications are dispensed.
Allocate sufficient counter space for
pharmacists and technicians to work
comfortably.
Include computer workstations for prescription
processing and label printing.
Install security measures like CCTV cameras
and an alarm system to safeguard controlled
substances. 8
Consultation Area
Design a private and comfortable space where
pharmacists can consult with patients.
Provide seating for patients and a counter or
desk for the pharmacist to conduct private
discussions.
Ensure adequate soundproofing for patient
privacy.
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Storage
Allocate space for medication storage,
including controlled substances.
Follow strict regulations for medication storage,
including temperature control and security
measures.
Use shelving, bins, and labeling systems to
keep inventory organized.
10
Workstations and Equipment
Place workstations strategically to optimize
workflow.
Ensure easy access to prescription-filling
equipment, like counting machines and pill
counters.
Provide sufficient electrical outlets and data
connections for equipment and computers.
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Pharmacy Workflow
Design the layout to support a smooth
workflow, with a clear path from receiving
prescriptions to dispensing medications.
Minimize unnecessary movements and steps to
improve efficiency.
12
Accessibility
Ensure the layout is wheelchair accessible, with
ramps or elevators if necessary.
Follow PDA (Pakistan Disabilities Act) guidelines
for door width, counter height, and other
accessibility features.
13
Safety and Security
Install a security system, including surveillance
cameras and alarms.
Ensure proper lighting both inside and outside
the pharmacy.
Use controlled access systems for restricted
areas, such as the dispensing area and
medication storage.
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Aesthetics and Branding
Consider the pharmacy's branding and
incorporate it into the design through signage
and color schemes.
Create a clean and professional appearance to
instill trust in customers.
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Regular Maintenance
Plan for regular maintenance of shelving,
equipment, and fixtures to ensure a safe and
attractive environment.
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Feedback and Adaptation
Continuously gather feedback from staff and
customers to make adjustments and
improvements to the layout as needed.
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3D Layout View Over Retail Area
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General Guidelines
To establish a community pharmacy
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Authority
Body
Establishing a community
pharmacy in Pakistan involves
complying with a set of guidelines
and regulations established by
the Pakistan Pharmacy Council
(PPC), which oversees the
licensing and regulation of
pharmacies in the country.
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Pharmacist License
The owner or manager of the pharmacy must
be a registered pharmacist with a valid license
issued by the Pakistan Pharmacy Council.
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Location and premises
Choose a suitable location for your community
pharmacy. It should be easily accessible to the
public and comply with zoning regulations.
The pharmacy premises should meet certain
standards, including adequate space, lighting,
ventilation, and cleanliness.
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Pharmacy Registration
Apply for a pharmacy license from the
provincial healthcare regulatory authority. You
may need to provide documents such as your
pharmacist's license, lease agreement, and a
floor plan of the premises.
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Qualified Staff
Employ qualified pharmacy staff, including
pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, to
provide services and dispense medications.
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Medication Storage
Ensure proper storage of medications
according to temperature and humidity
requirements.
Controlled substances should be stored
securely.
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Prescription Handling
Follow strict protocols for receiving, verifying,
and dispensing prescriptions.
Keep accurate records of prescription
transactions.
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Patient Counseling
Offer patient counseling services, especially for
newly prescribed medications.
Maintain patient confidentiality.
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Medication Labeling
Ensure that all dispensed medications are
properly labeled with necessary information,
including dosage instructions, patient name,
and expiry date.
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Pharmacy Records
Maintain records of prescription orders, sales,
and medication inventory.
Keep records for the required period as
specified by regulations.
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Quality Assurance
Implement quality assurance measures to
ensure the safety and efficacy of medications
dispensed.
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Emergency Services
Have provisions for dealing with medical
emergencies, such as first-aid supplies and
knowledge of emergency procedures.
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Pharmacy Hours
Determine the operating hours of the
pharmacy and clearly display them for
customers.
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Safety and Security
Install security measures such as CCTV
cameras, alarms, and fire safety equipment
entirely.
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Compliance with Drug Laws
Comply with all drug laws and regulations,
including the sale of prescription-only
medications.
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Continuing Education
Stay updated on changes in pharmacy
regulations and continue professional
development for staff.
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Licensing Renewal
Ensure timely renewal of the pharmacy license,
which is typically done in every five years.
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Types
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Independent Pharmacies
These are privately owned and operated
pharmacies that are not affiliated with a larger
chain or corporation.
Independent pharmacists have the flexibility to
tailor their services to the specific needs of their
community.
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Chain Pharmacies
These are part of a larger retail pharmacy chain with
multiple locations. Chain pharmacies often offer a wide
range of services, including prescription filling, over-the-
counter medications, and health and wellness products.
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Supermarket Pharmacies
Many supermarkets and grocery stores have in-house
pharmacies. These pharmacies offer the convenience
of filling prescriptions while shopping for groceries.
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Mass Merchandise Pharmacies
Retail giants often have pharmacies within their
stores. These pharmacies offer a wide variety of
healthcare products and services.
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Hospital Outpatient Pharmacies
Some hospitals have outpatient pharmacies located
on their premises. These pharmacies serve patients
who have been discharged but still require
medications or follow-up care.
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Specialty Pharmacies
Specialty pharmacies focus on providing medications
for patients with complex, chronic conditions, such as
cancer, HIV, or rare diseases. They often offer
specialized services and support for these patients.
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Compounding Pharmacies
Compounding pharmacies specialize in creating
customized medications for patients. They can tailor
medications to meet specific dosage forms, strengths,
and ingredients based on a physician's prescription.
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Mail-Order Pharmacies/Online
Pharmacies
These pharmacies fill prescriptions and deliver medications
to patients' homes through mail or courier services.
They are often used for maintenance medications for
chronic conditions.
With the rise of e-commerce, there are many online
pharmacies where patients can order prescription and
over-the-counter medications online and have them
delivered to their homes.
It's important to use reputable online pharmacies to ensure
the safety and authenticity of medications.
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Long-Term Care Pharmacies
These pharmacies specialize in providing medications
to residents of long-term care facilities, such as
nursing homes and assisted living facilities.
They are experienced in managing the unique
medication needs of elderly and institutionalized
patients.
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Clinical Pharmacies
Some community pharmacies are associated with
clinics or medical practices. Pharmacists in clinical
pharmacies work closely with healthcare providers to
optimize medication therapy and provide patient
education.
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Tele pharmacy
Tele pharmacy involves remote dispensing of
medications through technology. Pharmacists at a
central location communicate with patients and
provide medication counseling via video or phone,
often in underserved rural areas.
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Consumer goods and Purchases
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Items
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications:
OTC medications for common ailments, such as pain relievers, cold and
flu remedies, allergy medications, and digestive aids.
Personal Care Products:
Shampoo, soap, toothpaste, deodorant, and skincare products.
Health and Wellness Products:
Vitamins, dietary supplements, minerals, and herbal remedies
First Aid Supplies:
Bandages, antiseptics, adhesive tape, and wound care products.
Medical Devices:
Blood pressure monitors, thermometers, glucose meters, and nebulizers.
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Cont..
Family Planning and Reproductive Health Products:
Contraceptives, pregnancy tests, and other reproductive health products.
Orthopedic Supports:
Braces, crutches, compression stockings, and other orthopedic support
products.
Durable Medical Equipment (DME):
DME rentals or sales, including wheelchairs, walkers, and bathroom safety
equipment.
Home Healthcare Supplies:
Incontinence supplies, wound dressings, and home healthcare equipment.
Baby and Child Care Products:
Baby formula, diapers, baby food, and child-friendly OTC medications.
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Cont..
Smoking Cessation Aids:
Nicotine gum, patches, and lozenges to help with smoking cessation.
Oral Health Products:
Toothbrushes, toothpaste, mouthwash, and dental floss are
commonly available.
Hair Care and Beauty Products:
Selection of hair care and beauty products, including shampoos,
conditioners, cosmetics, and skincare items.
Sunscreen and Sun Protection:
Sunscreens, sunblock, and other sun protection products in many
pharmacies, especially during the summer months.
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Cont..
Eye and Ear Care Products:
Items like contact lens solutions, eye drops, and earwax removal
kits are available.
Travel and Convenience Items:
Travel-sized toiletries, travel pillows, and other convenience items
for travelers.
Pet Care Products:
OTC pet medications, pet food, grooming supplies, and flea and
tick control products.
Gifts and Seasonal Items:
Seasonal items, greeting cards, and gift items for holidays and
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special occasions.
Classes of layout
designs
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Grid Layout
In a grid layout, shelving units and aisles are arranged in a
grid or rectangular pattern.
This layout allows for a straightforward and organized
shopping experience.
It's easy for customers to locate products as they follow a
logical path through the store.
Typically used in larger chain pharmacies.
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Racetrack or Loop Layout:
In a racetrack layout, shelving units form a continuous loop
around the perimeter of the pharmacy.
This design encourages customers to move around the store
in a circular fashion.
It can create opportunities for impulse purchases as
customers circulate through the store.
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Island or Boutique Layout
In an island layout, shelving units are placed in the center of
the pharmacy, creating a more open and spacious feel.
This design can be visually appealing and allows for flexibility
in showcasing featured products or promotions.
It may be used in pharmacies with a focus on high-end or
specialty products.
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Departmental Layout
In a departmental layout, the pharmacy is divided into
distinct sections or departments, each catering to specific
product categories (e.g., OTC medications, personal care,
vitamins).
This design can make it easier for customers to find products
within specific categories.
It requires careful signage and organization to prevent
confusion.
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Hybrid Layout
A hybrid layout combines elements of different layouts to
meet the specific needs of the pharmacy and its customers.
For example, it may use a racetrack layout for the perimeter
and a departmental layout for the interior sections.
This approach allows for flexibility and customization.
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Drive-Through Pharmacy Layout
Pharmacies with drive-through services have a unique layout
that accommodates vehicle access.
This design emphasizes efficiency and convenience for
customers picking up prescriptions without leaving their cars.
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Principles of layout design
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Efficiency Flexibility
• The primary goal of layout • A well-designed layout should
design is to optimize space be adaptable to changing
utilization and workflow needs. It should accommodate
efficiency. Every aspect of the growth, technological
layout should contribute to advancements, and changes in
minimizing wasted time, product or service offerings.
resources, and effort.
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Accessibility Safety
• Accessibility refers to how easily • Safety is paramount. The
people, equipment, and materials layout should minimize the risk
can move within the layout. of accidents, ensure proper
Design should prioritize clear ventilation, provide fire exits,
pathways, easy access to
and adhere to safety
essential areas, and compliance
regulations specific to the
with accessibility standards for
people with disabilities industry.
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Ergonomics Zoning
• Consider ergonomic principles • Group similar functions or
when designing workspaces. activities together. For
Workstations, equipment, and example, in a retail setting,
tools should be arranged to put related product categories
reduce physical strain and in close proximity to enhance
improve worker comfort and the shopping experience.
productivity.
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Aesthetics Cost-Effectiveness
• A visually appealing layout can • The design should balance
enhance the overall functionality and cost-
experience for customers, effectiveness. Minimize
employees, and visitors. Use unnecessary expenses while
color, lighting, and design ensuring the layout meets
elements to create an inviting operational needs.
atmosphere.
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Characteristics of Traffic
Flow Analysis 75
Flow Patterns Traffic Density
• Traffic flow analysis involves • Determine the volume of
studying how people, traffic in different areas of the
equipment, or materials move layout. High-traffic areas may
within a space. Identify and require wider pathways, while
understand flow patterns, such lower-traffic zones can be
as linear, loop, radial, or mixed, more compact.
to design the layout effectively.
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Congestion Points Clear Pathways
• Identify potential congestion • Ensure that pathways are clear
points where bottlenecks or of obstacles, obstructions, or
delays may occur. Mitigate clutter. This is particularly
these issues through layout important in emergency
adjustments or additional evacuation routes and high-
resources. traffic areas.
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Signage and Wayfinding Capacity Planning
• Use clear signage and • Estimate the capacity of
wayfinding aids to guide different areas and resources
people and direct them to within the layout. Ensure that
specific destinations within the capacity matches demand to
layout. This helps prevent prevent overuse or
confusion and enhances the underutilization.
user experience.
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Monitoring and Data
Safety Zones Collection
• Designate safety zones where • Continuously monitor traffic
people can seek refuge during flow and collect data to
emergencies. These areas identify trends, issues, and
should be clearly marked and areas for improvement. This
easily accessible. information can inform layout
adjustments and
optimizations.
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Feedback and
Simulation and Modeling Adaptation
• Use simulation tools and • Seek feedback from users,
modeling techniques to predict employees, or customers to
traffic patterns and assess the identify pain points and areas
impact of layout changes for improvement. Be willing to
before implementing them. adapt the layout based on this
feedback.
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THANK YOU!
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