Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
Disorientation
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
situation
Vertigo – A conflict between the visual and Balance
AIM:
senses causing a disorientated feeling which can be
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
incapacitating
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly Graveyard Spiral – When the pilot corrects a
descending banked aircraft with back pressure on the
WHAT: elevator therefore increasing the bank which ends up in
- Disorientation a spiral dive.
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction Black Hole approach – When approaching over a
dark area, a pilot tends to make the approach too low
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
6 Primary Instruments
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
SCAN SCAN SCAN
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
SCAN SCAN SCAN
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
The T-Scan
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Climb
reduced visual reference
situation P – advance power to Full Power
A – raise nose to 5 nose up (First line on AH)
AIM: S – monitor the speed reducing
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with T – trim for rate or speed
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
Level off
- The 6 basic instruments
-
-
The T-Scan
VOR and DME introduction
A – lower nose onto the horizon
S – monitor the speed as it increases
HOW: P – retard power to cruise setting
Reduced Visual reference
situations
T – trim forces away
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Climb
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Descent
reduced visual reference
situation P – retard power to RPM
A – lower nose to just below horizon
AIM: S – monitor the speed
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with T – trim for 500 ft/min rate of descent
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
Level off
-
-
Disorientation P – Advance power to cruise setting
The 6 basic instruments
-
-
The T-Scan A – Raise nose on to the horizon
VOR and DME introduction
S – Monitor speed
HOW: T – trim forces away
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Descent
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Entering a Turn
reduced visual reference - Bug new heading to steer
situation
- Roll wings with co-ordinated controls using AH and
Turn Co-ordinator
AIM: - Monitor turn using the AH and selected AoB
To gain an understanding behind the - Monitor the Turn Co-ordinator so you maintain Rate 1
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a - Check the Altimeter so that you remain level
method to use all the instruments - Anticipate rolling onto bugged heading
correctly
WHAT:
-
-
-
Disorientation
The 6 basic instruments
The T-Scan
Exiting a Turn
- VOR and DME introduction - Roll wings lever with co-ordinated controls
- Scan AH; DI and Altimeter until stable in a straight
HOW: and level attitude
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Rate 1 Turn
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
- 360 in 2 minutes
WHAT: - 3 per second
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Level Right Turn
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Entering Descending Turn
reduced visual reference - Start the timer
situation
- Retard power to 2000 RPM, lower nose and Roll wings
using co-ordinated controls
AIM: - Select AoB that gives you a Rate 1 turn
To gain an understanding behind the - Trim for 500 ft/minute descent
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly After 2 minutes you will be 1000ft lower
and back on heading
WHAT:
-
-
-
Disorientation
The 6 basic instruments
The T-Scan
Exiting a Descending Turn
- VOR and DME introduction - Advance power to cruise setting, Raise nose to
horizon and Roll wings level with co-ordinated
HOW: controls
Reduced Visual reference - Scan AH; DI and Altimeter to get into stable cruise
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Descending Turn to the Left
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Entering Climbing Turn
reduced visual reference - Start the timer
situation
- Advance the power to full power, raise nose and Roll
wings using co-ordinated controls
AIM: - Select AoB that gives you a Rate 1 turn
To gain an understanding behind the - Trim for 500 ft/minute climb
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly After 2 minutes you will be 1000ft higher
and back on heading
WHAT:
-
-
-
Disorientation
The 6 basic instruments
The T-Scan
Exiting a Climbing Turn
- VOR and DME introduction - Retard power to cruise setting, lower nose to horizon
and Roll wings level with co-ordinated controls
HOW: - Scan AH; DI and Altimeter to get into stable cruise
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
Climbing Turn to the Right
reduced visual reference
situation
AIM:
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Radio Navigation
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
The VOR
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
VHF Omnidirectional Range
situation
- The VOR facility transmits two signals at the same.
AIM: one signal is constant in all directions, while the
To gain an understanding behind the
other is rotated about the station
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a - The airborne equipment receives both signals, then
method to use all the instruments
correctly measures the time difference between the two
signals, and interprets the result as a RADIAL from
WHAT: the station
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Ground Base Airborne Equipment
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
The CDI
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference - The OBS knob allows you to turn the course card
situation - The CDI needle shows the direction to the selected
course
AIM: (Each dot represents 2)
To gain an understanding behind the - To / From indicator indicates which side you are from
principles associated with the station
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly A red flag on the instrument indicates a the instrument
is unserviceable
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
DME
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
Distance Measuring Equipment
situation
Transponder-based radio navigation aid that measures
AIM: slant range distances
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
How to Identity a Radial
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
situation 1. Rotate OBS until needle is centralised
2. If FROM appears read the TOP number
AIM: 3. If TO appears read the BOTTOM number
To gain an understanding behind the
principles associated with (FROM TOP TO BOTTOM)
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly Check your DME distance from the same station
WHAT:
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments
- The T-Scan
- VOR and DME introduction
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
Radial Intercept
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
situation
The Procedure:
1. Select Radial you want to intercept using the “FROM TOP TO
AIM: BOTTOM” method
2. Note defection of needle (left/right)
To gain an understanding behind the 3. Apply intercept Angle to top of CDI, in direction of needle
principles associated with
Instrument flying and to develop a defection and transfer heading to DI (30 outbound / 60
method to use all the instruments inbound reducing to 30 at half scale deflection)
correctly 4. Bug and fly heading
5. When CDI needle becomes alive, anticipate rolling onto
WHAT: inbound or outbound radial heading
- Disorientation
- The 6 basic instruments Notes:
- The T-Scan
-
• DI and CDI must be the same or similar
VOR and DME introduction
• A CDI is a command instrument – Fly in direction of needle
• Remember to offset for wind
HOW:
Reduced Visual reference
situations
Introduction to Instrument Flying
DEFINITION:
A course that exposes a VFR
pilot to basic Instrument Flying
Instrument Checks before Take Off
to safely fly an aircraft out of a
reduced visual reference
situation During a LEFT turn
• Compass numbers decreasing
• A/H Stable
AIM: • DI numbers decreasing
To gain an understanding behind the • Aeroplane INTO turn
principles associated with • Ball OUT OF turn
Instrument flying and to develop a
method to use all the instruments
correctly
During a Right turn
• Compass numbers Increasing
WHAT: • A/H Stable
- Disorientation • DI numbers Increasing
- The 6 basic instruments • Aeroplane INTO turn
- The T-Scan
-
• Ball OUT OF turn
VOR and DME introduction
HOW: • Make sure the Vertical Speed Indicator is indicating ZERO
• Check for any flagged instruments
Reduced Visual reference
situations • Check suction so that it is within limits
The End
