INTRODUCTION TO
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCE MYSELF
• Name: Nguyen Truong Gia Minh
• D.O.B: 23/08/1997
• Bachelor of English Language (Business English) – Class of 2019 (UEF)
• Master of Arts in English Language (ELT) – Class of 2023 (HSU)
• Collaborator – International Politics – Nguoi Lao Dong Newspaper and Tuoi Tre Newspaper
(2019-2023)
• HUFLIT FFL’s full-time lecturer (Dec.19, 2023 – Present)
• Email: minhntg@[Link]
• Mobile phone: 0905.128.397
• FB: Nguyễn Trường Gia Minh (Mary)
INTRODUCTION
• This subject provides students fundamental knowledge of research
method, which helps students to complete minor scientific papers.
TOPIC
• Recommend using the old topic from Term-Paper Writing
Students’
Language Linguistics
lives
Students’
Society Lives and
etc.
STRUCTURE OF THE STUDIES
Literature Methodolo
Title Abstract
Review gy
Result Discussion Conclusion
5,000-7,000 words (without cover)
ASSESSMENT
LEARNING MATERIALS
QUALITY ASSURANCE QUIZ
• https://
[Link]/forms/d/1NeSR_R5LXe7BMJxJc3iIE6UvSwQvKYuw7ivpM
9BqT0A/edit
WARM-UP SECTION
https://
[Link]/
alc8134vxnrg
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: DEFINITION
TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES
Quantitati Qualitativ Observati
ve e on
Case Emperical
studies Research
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH (NGHIÊN CỨU
THỰC NGHIỆM)
DEFINITION
• Empirical research is a way of learning through direct observation or
experience. Instead of relying on theories or ideas alone, it gathers
real-world data to understand how things work.
Example:
1. The Impacts of Social Networking on the youth’s education
2. The Impacts of Canard on Readers’ Psychology
3. The Impacts of Social Media on Building Self-Image.
CHARACTERISTICS
Induction: Diễn dịch
Deduction: Quy nạp
SOME TYPES OF EMPERICAL RESEARCH
Qualitativ Quantitati
e ve
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Gather in-depth
Non-numerical
insights into a
data (text,
problem and
video or
generate new
picture)
ideas
SOME EXAMPLE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Impact of Social Media on Youth Identity Formation
• Children’s eating habits and their influences
• Perceptions of Work-Life Balance Among Australian Millennials
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Collecting
Find
and
patterns Make
analyzing
and predictions
numerical
averages
data
Test causal
Show the
relationship
final results
s
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH’S TOPICS
• The relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes
in adolescents.
• The relationship between parenting style and childhood obesity.
• The relationship between sleep quality and academic performance in
college students.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NON-
EXPERIMENTAL
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Experimental research is a systematic and scientific approach in which
the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and
observes the effect on a dependent variable while controlling for
extraneous variables. This method allows for the establishment of
cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
SOME FACTORS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Random
Control Experime
assignme
group ntal group
nts
Standardiz
ed
procedure
s
SOME TOPICS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Role of music in affecting Concentration
• How Sleep Patterns Effect Academic Performance
• Bilingual Education and their Role in Academic Success
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Nonexperimental research is research that lacks the manipulation of an
independent variable, random assignment of participants to conditions
or orders of conditions, or both.
SOME FACTORS OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
• This method is not concerned with establishing links between
variables.
• The research collected does not directly influence the events that are
being studied.
• This type of testing does not influence or impact the phenomena being
studied.
SOME TOPICS OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
• OZONE LAYER: FROM CRISIS TO RECOVERY PROCESS- A
SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE
• THE POWER OF COMMUNICATION ENHANCING PEER AND
TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS
• "Shall another chance be granted?" Some outstanding case studies
CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE STUDY
DEFINITION
• “Causal-comparative research is a methodology used to identify cause-
effect relationships between independent and dependent variables.
• Researchers can study cause and effect in retrospect. This can help
determine the consequences or causes of differences already existing
among or between different groups of people.
SOME FACTORS OF CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE
RESEARCH
Retrospecti Prospectiv
ve e
Comparati Comparati
ve ve
Research Research
RETROSPECTIVE RESEARCH
• Retrospective comparative study is about the study and comparison of
the existing data to know more about the relations, patterns, or
outcomes of past events and historical periods. In this study
approach, the scientists collect data on past events and try to find
results and create patterns. This method is mainly used when it is
impossible to do a prospective comparative study. The reasons for
limitation can be practical, ethical, or logistical reasons.
PROSPECTIVE
• The prospective comparative study is about collecting information from
a group of participants over a long period. Afterward, the scientists
make some predictions about the future. Then, researchers follow the
participants and observe the changes, outcomes, or developments. The
main goal of this study is to see how the conditions in the beginning
change and effect each other.
EXAMPLES
• A Comparison of Urban Teacher Characteristics for Student Interns Plac
ed in Different Urban School Settings
• Classroom Behavior of Good and Poor Readers
TYPES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Descriptive: When values are observed where one or more variables
are presented.
Ex: In social sciences, an example could be a study analyzing the
demographics of a specific community to understand its socio-economic
characteristics.
• Causal: It is responsible for explaining the reasons and relationship that
exists between variables in a given time.
Ex: Some common causes of plastic pollution and its impacts on our
health
