HISTORICAL
DATA
DESIGN
Presented by
Yash Desai
Yash Bhangade
Unnati Jain
Vishesh
Agarwal
Vidhi Vyas
What is histor
data?
Historical data, in a broad context, is data collected about past events
and circumstances pertaining to a particular subject
In a business context, historical data is used to make important strategic
decisions about the present and future Managers use historical data to
track organizational performance over time, identify areas of
i ovement and make predictions about future trends
The purpose of a historical research design is to collect, verify, and synthesise
evidence from the past to establish facts that are different or refute a
hypothesis It is the study of objects of design in there historical contexts
The contexts of design history include the social, the cultural, the
economic, the political and the technical aspects. It can be done by using
Design Master software
It uses secondary sources of and a variety of primary documentary evidence,
such as, diaries, official records, reports, archives, and non textual information
(maps, pictures, audio and visual recordings)
Characteristics
Historical research involves the careful study and analysis of data about
past events
It is a critical investigation of events, their development, experiences of
past.
The purpose is to gain a clearer understanding of the impact of past on
present and future events related to life process
Involves the review of written materials but may include oral documentation
as well.
It covers categories such as historical, legal, documentary, bibliographical,
biographical, institutional, ideational and organizational
Important existing sources for nurse researchers are hospital records,
order sheets, nursing charts, physicians and care plan statements.
Example Historical research on the development of nursing education in
India
Steps for design
histor
A Data collection
B Criticism of data
C Presentation of
facts
First step: Data collection
Historical data is extracted from secondary sources and a variety of primary
documentary evidence, such as, diaries, official records, reports, archives, and non
textual information (maps, pictures, audio and visual recordings). The limitation is
that the sources must be both authentic and valid
There are two categories of sources for historical data
1) PRIMARY SOURCES Primary sources are first hand information that
include Remains or relic associated with people, groups, periods or events.
Fossils, skeletons, tools, weapons, utensils, clothing, furniture, pictures, painting,
coins and art objects are examples of remains that were not deliberately intended
for use in transmitting information or to be used as a record
Oral or testimony or the records kept and written by actual partcipants in an
event or actual witnesses of the same
Documents called as primary sources re constitutions, laws, official records,
newspapers, magazines, etc
2) SECONDARY SOURCES These are the reports of people who related the
testimony of an actual witness of an event or actual participants in the same. For
example: most of the history books and encyclopedia
Second step: Criticism of
data
The second step necessitates a comprehensive review of gathered material
There are two types of criticism
1)External criticism Establishment of validity by determining the authenticity
and genuineness of sources and the data It primarily deals with data relating to
form and appearance rather than the actual meaning of the content
2)Internal criticism Determination of reliability by correctly interpreting the
content of the documents It weighs the testimony of document in relation to truth
and is concerned with the accuracy and meaning of the data
Examples of external
and internal
criticism
1)If any tablet manufacturing company is following the manufacturing procedure and
guidelines given in the Indian Pharmacopoeia, then, external criticism would verify the
source by checking whether the content is taken from the correct and official volume of
pharmacopoeia or not. Whereas, the internal criticism would check the correctness of
the content by analysing the complete tablet manufacturing procedure
2)If a company wants to make a report on the success of marketing strategies used by it, the
company would retrieve the old data about the previous marketing strategies used and how
much revenue was increased by using these strategies External criticism w ld deal with
verifying the authenticity of the database and internal criticism would analyse and verify
the numbers to increase the credibility of the data By doing this, the company can make
informed decisions and increase their profit
Third step: Presentation of facts
After evaluating the authenticity and accuracy of historical data, the researcher
must bring the material together to analyse it and to test the research hypothesis.
Historical researchers must be extremely careful at this point since the analysis of
historical data involves logical processes rather than statistical ones and therefore
possibility of subjectivity arises
Advantages of historical data r
ch
1) It permits the investigation of topic that could be studied in no other
way.
2)Gaining insights from the past: Historical research can help people
understand the past, which can help them predict their present and future
expectations It is the only research method that can study evidence from
the past.
3) Trend analysis Historical research is well suited for trend analysis.
4)Predicting the future Historical data can help identify patterns, test
hypotheses, and make informed decisions For example, historical data can
be used to predict online user behaviour, such as traffic and conversions
5) Systematic data collection and analysis
Disadvantages of historical data
r ch
1)There is no way researchers can affect the events of the
past
2) It is very time consuming.
3) Resources are hard to locate
4) Possibility of bias
