Conic

Sections
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Sec 12.2 - 1
 The Circle and the Ellipse
Objectives

1. Find the equation of a circle given the center

and radius.
2. Determine the center and radius of a circle
given its equation.
3. Recognize the equation of an ellipse.
4. Graph ellipses.
 The Circle and the Ellipse

The Conic Sections – Circle and Ellipse

Ellipse
Circle
 The Circle and the Ellipse

The Circle

x
 The Circle and the Ellipse
Finding the Equation of a Circle and Graphing It
 The Circle and the Ellipse
Finding the Equation of a Circle and Graphing It
 The Circle and the Ellipse

Determine the Center and Radius of a Circle

 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Determine the Center and Radius of a Circle

 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Determine the Center and Radius of a Circle

 Activity
1. Write in standard form, General Form and
graph.
Radius = 3, center (3, -2)

2. Find the center, radius and graph:

(x + 4)2 + (y – 2)2 = 36

3. Write in standard form. Find the center

radius and graph.
x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y – 5 = 0
4. Write in standard form, General Form and
graph.
Radius = 5, center (-1, 3)

5. Write in standard form. Find the center

radius and graph.
x2 + – 6x + y2+ 12y + 36 = 0
 The Ellipse
The Ellipse
 The Ellipse

The Ellipse

Use the following formula to help

locate the foci: c2 = a2 - b2 if a>b or
c2 = b2 – a2 if b>a
 Center

Major
axis
x Minor axis
f f
1 2

foci

y
 The Ellipse

The Ellipse

x
 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Graphing an Ellipse

Sec 12.2 - 16
 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Graphing an Ellipse

x x

Sec 12.2 - 17
 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Graphing an Ellipse with Horizontal and Vertical Shift

Sec 12.2 - 18
 12.2 The Circle and the Ellipse

Graphing an Ellipse with Horizontal and Vertical Shift

Sec 12.2 - 19
 2 2
( x  2) ( y - 3)
 1
25 16
 2 2
( x  2) ( y - 3)
 1
25 16
Major
axis

Center

Minor
axis
 2 2
( x  2) ( y - 3)
 1
25 16
Foci

Length of Major Axis is

10.
Length of Minor Axis is 8.
Graph 16x2 + 9y2 = 144

x2 y 2
 1
9 16
4. Plot the endpoints of the vertical axis.
Endpoints at (0,4) and (0,-4)
5. Connect endpoint of axes with smooth curve
6. Which way is the major axis in this problem?
Vertical because 16>9 and 16 is under the “y”
Locate the foci:
c2 = b 2 - a2
c2 = 16 - 9
c2 = 7
c = ±√7
Where are the foci?
(0, √7) and (0,-√7)
 2 2
x y
 1
9 16

Length of Major Axis is

8.
Length of Minor Axis is
6.
Graph 4x2 + 9y2 + 16x – 54y +61 = 0.

( x  2) 2 ( y  3) 2
 1
9 4
Length of Major Axis is
6.
The Parabola
Example:
Graph (x - 5)2 = 12(y – 6)
To graph:
1. Put in standard form– squared term on left
Done
2. Decide which way the parabola opens.
Look at the right side. If y: + c → opens up
If y: - c → opens down
If x: + c → opens right
If x: - c → opens left
Up because y is on the right and 12 is positive
3. Plot the vertex (h,k) Note what happens to the
signs.
(5,6)
4. Plot the focus: move │¼ c │ from the vertex in the
direction that the parabola opens. Mark with an f.
(5,9): found by moving up 3 from the vertex
5. Draw the directrix: │¼ c │ from the vertex in the
opposite direction of the focus (Remember that the
directrix is a line.)
y = 3: found by moving down 3 from the vertex
6. Plot the endpoints of the latus rectum/focal chord
(width at the focus). The width is the │c│ at the
focus.
L.R. = 12 with endpoints at (-1,9) & (11,9)
7. Sketch the parabola by going through the vertex
and the endpoints of the latus rectum. (Be sure to
extend the curve and put arrows.)
8. Identify the axis of symmetry. (The line that goes
through the vertex dividing the parabola in half.)
x=5
Example 2:
Graph (y + 3)2 = -4(x – 2)
To graph:
1. Put in standard form Done
2. Decide which way the parabola opens.
Left because x is on the right and 4 is negative
3. Plot the vertex (h,k)
(2,-3)
4. Plot the focus:
(1,-3): found by moving left 1 from the vertex
5. Draw the directrix:
x = 3: found by moving right 1 from the vertex
6. Plot the endpoints of the latus rectum
L.R. = 4 with endpoints at (1,-1) & (1,-5)
7. Sketch the parabola
8. Identify the axis of symmetry.
y = -3
Example 3
Graph x = y2 - 4y + 1
What’s the first step?
Put in standard form.
y2 - 4y + 1 = x
y2 - 4y + 4 = x - 1 + 4 Complete the square.
(y – 2)2 = x + 3
(y – 2)2 = 1(x + 3)

Now you try graphing the parabola and labeling all the parts.
 The Hyperbola

Review: The geometric definition relies on a cone and a plane

intersecting it

Algebraic definition: a set of points in

the plane such that the difference of the
distances from two fixed points, called
foci, remains constant.
The equation of each asymptote can be found by using
the point-slope formula. Use the center as “the
point” and slope can be found by counting on the
graph (from the point to the corner of the rectangle).
Or the following formulas can be used:
 2 2
y x
Example 1  1
Graph 64 36
1. Put in standard form.
Done
2. Determine if the hyperbola is opening vertically or horizontally.
Vertically because “y” is first.
3. Identify the center.
(0,0)
4. Identify the endpoints of the horizontal axis.
(6,0) and (-6,0)
5. Identify the endpoints of the vertical axis.
(0,8) and (0,-8)
Which pair of endpoints are the vertices?
(0,8) and (0,-8)
6. Draw a rectangle such that each of the axis endpoints is the midpoint
of a side.
7. Sketch the asymptotes of the hyperbola.
8. Draw each branch of the hyperbola – Be sure to go through the
vertex of each (the endpoint of the transverse axis) and approach
the asymptotes.
9. Locate the foci.
(0,10) and (0,-10)
10. Find the equations of the asymptotes.
  y



Transverse

 axis




Conjugate




axis



 x

                                           


 Center






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 2
Example 2 ( x  3) ( y  2)
 1
Graph 36 16
1. Put in standard form.
Done
2. Determine if the hyperbola is opening vertically or
horizontally.
Horizontally because “x” is first.
3. Identify the center.
(3,-2)
4. Identify the endpoints of the horizontal axis.
(-3,-2) and (9,-2)
5. Identify the endpoints of the vertical axis.
(3,2) and (3,-6)
Which pair of endpoints are the vertices?
(-3,-2) and (9,-2)
6. Draw a rectangle such that each of the axis endpoints is the midpoint
of a side.
7. Sketch the asymptotes of the hyperbola.
8. Draw each branch of the hyperbola – Be sure to go through the
vertex of each (the endpoint of the transverse axis) and approach
the asymptotes.
9. Locate the foci.
(3+2√13,-2) and (3-2√13,-2)
10. Find the equations of the asymptotes.
4 4
y  x and y  x
3 3
  y









 x

                                     









 
 
 
 
 
Example 3
Write the equation in standard form
and graph:
2 2
1. Put in standard form. y  4 x 64
  y












 x

                                         









 
 
 
 
 
 Activity

A. Identify if it’s a circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. Solve and Graph 1-5 (show complete solutions)