BLACK SMITHY SHOP
Presented by - Abhay Kumar Singh
WHAT’S BLACKSMITHY ?
• Black in "blacksmithy" refers to the black fire scale, a layer
of oxides that forms on the surface of the metal during
heating .
• The word "smith" derives from an old word, "smite" (to
hit) .
FORGING
• work involves heating of metal stock to a desired
temperature, enable it to acquire sufficient plasticity,
followed by the operations like hammering, bending, pressing
etc, to get desired shape and size.
• Blacksmiths produce objects such as gates, grilles, railings,
light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural
implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils,
and weapons.
FORGEABILITY
• The ease with which forging is done is called forgeability.
• The forgeabilty of a material can be defined as the
capacity of the material to undergo deformation under
compression without rupture.
• Forgeabilty increases with temperature up to a point at
which a second phase, e.g., from ferrite to austenite in
steel, appears or if gain growth becomes excessive.
Forging materials
Forging Materials Any metal or alloy which can
be brought into plastic stage through heating
can be forged. Means those material which have
ductile or malleable property. Like wrought iron,
carbon steel, stainless steel, copper based alloys,
nickel-copper alloys, magnesium alloys etc
COMMON HAND FORGING TOOLS
For carrying out forging
operations manually , certain
common hand forging tools are
employed. These are also called
blacksmith’s tools.
TONGS
The tongs are generally used
for holding work while doing
a forging operation.
Flatter
It is commonly used in forging shop
to give smoothness and accuracy
to articles which have already been
shaped by fullers and swages.
Swage
• Swage is used for forging work which has to
be reduced or finished to round , square or
hexagonal shape .
• It is made with half grooves of dimesions to
suit the work being reduced .
Fuller
• Fuller is used for forging shop
for necking down a forgeable
job.
• It is made in top and bottom
tools as in the case of swages.
• Fuller is made in various
shapes and sizes according to
needs .
SET HAMMER
• A set hammer is generally used
in forging shop .
• It is used for finishing corners
in shouldered work where the
flatter would be inconvenient .
• It is also used for drawing out
the gorging job.
ANVIL
• An anvil is a most
commonly tools used
in the forging shop.
• It acts as a support
for blacksmith’s work
during hammering .
FORGING OPERATIONS
1. DRAWING DOWN
2. UPSETTING
3. FULLERING
4. FLATTERING
5. SWAGING
6. BENDING
7. TWISTING
8. CUTTING
9. IRON CARBON ALLOY
FORGING DEFECTS
• UNFILLED SECTION- in this • FINS AND RAGS – these are small
some section of the die cavity are projections or pieces of loose metal
not completely filled by the metal. driven into metal surface .
• COLD SHUT- this appears as a • BURNT AND OVERHEATED
small cracks at the corners of the METAL- heating the metal at high
forging . temperature or for too long time
burn the metal.
• SCALE PITS- this is seen as
irregular depurations on the • FLAKES- these are basically
surface of the forging . internal ruptures caused by the
improper cooling of the large
forging.
