FIRE SAFETY for

Slurry Pipeline Project

Khouribga Head Station
to Jorf Lasfar
Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

EARLY FIRE LEGISLATION

1066 King William I
ordered that all fires
and other lights be put
out at night.

1189 Requirements introduced for

the City of London that houses were
to be built of stone, with any party
wall built to a specific standard and
that they must not have roofs of
thatch.
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FIRE
Is probably the only single
factor which could
completely paralyse a
thriving enterprise in a very
short time-span.
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FIRE
Fire losses include:
• Information
• Facilities
• Production
• Profits
• Life
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FIRE CHEMISTRY
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FLAME
Complex multiform structure capable of existing at low or
high temperatures.
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SMOKE
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THE TRIANGLE OF
FIRE
en

Fu
yg

el
Ox

Heat
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FUELS
Combustibles (Organic/ Carbonaceous)
e.g.
• Wood;
• Paper, etc.

Flammables (Liquid/Gases) e.g.

• Paint;
• Solvent;
• Acetylene.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE EXTINGUISHANTS
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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES
A = Solid Carbonaceous materials

B = Flammable Liquids (4 sub-

divisions)

C = Flammable Gases

D = Metals
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FACTORS
FOR FIRE PRINCIPLES OF
EXTINGUISHING
FUEL STARVATION

HEAT COOLING

OXYGEN
SMOTHERING
FLAME CHAIN REACTION
FLAME CHAIN INHIBITION
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STARVATION
The Three main forms of fire starvation:
• Removal of fuel from fire;
• Removal of fire from the fuel;
• Sub-division of burning material.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

SMOTHERING
Starve a fire of oxygen by smothering it using:
• Fire fighting foams;
• Inert gases;
• Fire blankets;
• Sand, etc.
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COOLING
Water is the most common and versatile method
of cooling and is best applied as spray or mist, but
should not be used on fires involving metal.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FLAME CHAIN INHIBITION

Inhibitors interfere with chemical
reaction, include:
G.P. Dry Powdered;
Halon /Halon Substitutes.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
All fire extinguisher bodies will be red,
with a band of colour comprising 5% of
the area, colours coded as follows:
•RED - water
•YELLOW - foam
•BLUE - powder
•BLACK - carbon
•GREEN - halon / PCF410
BS EN3 : 1996 - All fire extinguishers must
comply by 2007.
Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE PRECAUTIONS
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FIRE PRECAUTIONS
Designed to protect
occupants of buildings, to
ensure in the event of fire
they will be able to make
their own way out and be
protected from fire and
smoke until they are free
of the dangers.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

STRUCTURAL
PRECAUTIONS
Means of Escape:
• Passageways;
• Stairs;
• Exits properly arranged; and
• 30 minutes of fire resistance protection,
compartmentation etc.
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PHYSICAL PRECAUTIONS
To be installed:
• Fire alarms systems;
• Fire fighting equipment;
• Directional signs;
• Emergency lighting etc.;
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

ORGANISATIONAL
PRECAUTIONS
• Fire action;
• Evacuation;
• Procedure;
• Drills;
• Staff training;
• Policy.
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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

IGNITION SOURCE:
• Electrical equipment;
• Smoking materials;
• Heat and sparks;
• Heating plant;
• Children and other trespassers;
• Rubbish burning.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

FUEL SOURCE:
• Waste/rubbish;
• Combustibles in structure/fittings;
• Insulation, textiles, plastics, wood and paper;
• Flammable liquids and gases;
• Packaging/wrapping.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

REASON FOR FIRE SPREAD

• Delayed discovery;
• Large quantities of combustible or flammable
materials;
• Lack of fire separating walls;
• Unprotected openings in floors and walls.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

REASONS FOR FIRE SPREAD

• Rapid burning of dust deposits;

• Combustible construction of building;
• Use of combustible materials in roof, ceiling, wall linings
etc.
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ESCAPE ASSESMENT
Assessment of Risk is based on building construction and
activities involved.
Three Categories of Risk are used; High, Normal, Low,
depending on the nature and activities of the building.
Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

EXIT
Escape routes to be clearly signed
and signs illuminated if necessary.

EXIT
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EMERGENCY LIGHTING

This should be provided where natural light is

insufficient
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

MUST BE:
• Fitted to every building;
• Effective and operable at all times
without exposing persons to risk;
• Distinctive and not confusable;
• Audible throughout building.
• Maintained in an effective state;
• Maximum travel to alarm point
should be 30M;
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

• Appropriate means to be
provided;
• To be conspicuously and
advantageously placed;
• To be regularly
serviced/maintained.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT,

PREVENTION & FIRE SAFETY
POLICY

FIRE
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

CONTROL MEASURES
• Measures required to prevent or reduce
the risk of fires occurring;
• Measures required for giving warning of a
fire - raising the alarm;
• Measures used to enable people to
escape from the premises, to a place of
ultimate safety;
• Measures for fire fighting, both fixed and
portable equipment;
• Fire procedures and fire training.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

CONTROL MEASURES
All of these five measures will be
required to some degree, being
dependent upon:
• Type of industry;
• The size and complexity of the
Company;
• The type of hazard;
• The extent that people are exposed to
hazard.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

CONTROL MEASURES
All of these five measures will be
required to some degree, being
dependent upon:
• Type of industry;
• The size and complexity of the
Company;
• The type of hazard;
• The extent that people are exposed to
hazard.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT -

GENERAL PRINCIPLES
There are no hard and fast rules
as to how a fire assessment
should be carried out. A fire risk
assessment is a simple and
careful assessment of what
could cause a fire, and to what
extent that fire may cause an
injury to persons before they are
able to evacuate to safety.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

COMMON HAZARDS
A few examples of some common fire
hazards are listed below:
• Accumulation of rubbish, paper or other
materials that can be accidentally or
deliberately ignited;
• Electrical wiring, plugs and sockets which
are faulty or in poor condition;
• Careless use of portable heaters;
• Smoking in unauthorised or high fire risk
areas, and careless disposal of smoking
materials.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

NUMBERS AFFECTED

This relates to the number of people

who could be affected by a fire, taking
into account the ‘type/group’ of the
person i.e:
• Members of the public;
• Disabled persons;
• Children;
• Elderly people.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

EVALUATE THE RISKS

The findings of the fire risk assessment should
enable the assessor to decide which risks require
the most urgent action.
The Home Office gives guidance as to the
classification of risk:
• Low fire risk;
• Normal fire risk;
• High fire risk;
• Severity of fire;
• Likelihood of occurrence.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
• Elimination
• Reduction } Most effective as they
deal with the hazard.
 Enclosure
 Remove person
 Reduce contact
 Personal protection
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FIRE SAFETY POLICY

ESSENTIAL inclusion in the company
Safety Policy:
• Arrangements regarding fire;
• Precautions/Prevention, duties &
responsibilities (at all levels);
• Must be clearly set out;
• Clear unbroken line of duties etc.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE ACTION & TRAINING

• Action to be taken on discovering fire;

• Manual operation of alarm system;
• Procedure to inform fire service;
• Method of evacuation;
• Assembly point;
• Accounting of persons.
 Tekfen Construction and Installation Co., Inc.

FIRE ACTION AND TRAINING

• Appointment/training of
fire teams;
• Appointment/training of
fire wardens;
• Appointment/training of
floor manager;
• Methods of monitoring
and testing
arrangements etc.