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CHEMISTRY LAB
Sample Questions
1. If the following titration curve resulted from titrating acid X with a strong base, what might be the identity of acid X? a) HCl b) H2CO3 c) HC2H3O2 d H2SO4
2. If a solution of ammonia is titrated with nitric acid, the pH at the equivalence point should be a) less than 7 b) equal to 7 c) greater than 7 d) more information needed
3. If 20.00 mL of acid HX (a weak monoprotic acid) required 32.50 mL of standard 0.150M NaOH to reach the endpoint, what is the molarity of the original acid solution?
solution
HX + Na+ + OH- Na+ + X- + H2O .03250L x .1500M OH- = .004875 mol OH .004875mol OH- x 1mol HX / 1mol OH- = .004875mol HX .004875mol HX/.02000L = .2438M HX
solution
HX + H2O X- + H3O+ Init. Equil. HX .2438M -x .2438-x H3O+ 0 +x x X0 +x x Ka = [ X-] [H3O+] [HX] 1.81 x 10-5 = x2 .2438 x = .00210 = [H3O+] pH = 2.68
solution
pH + pOH = 14 pOH = 14 2.68 pOH = 11.32 Ka x Kb = 1.0 x 10-14 Kb = 1.0 x 10-14 1.81x 10-5 Kb = 5.52 x 10-10
Titration Terminology
Standard (Acid or Base)
A solution of known concentration used to identify the unknown concentration of another acid or base.
Indicator A weak acid or weak base that changes color at a specific pH or acid concentration. Endpoint The point in the titration when the color of the indicator changes and the addition of the titrant should stop. (Ideally, this will be when the moles of base added equals the moles of acid originally present in the solution. Equivalence Point The point in the titration when the moles of base added equals the moles of acid originally present based on the chemical equation and stoichiometry.
When the acid, HA, loses a proton it forms a base, A-. When the base, A-, accepts a proton back again, it obviously refoms the acid, HA. These two are a conjugate pair. Members of a conjugate pair differ from each other by the presence or absence of the transferable hydrogen ion.
Standard Deviation