IMPROVED STRUCTURE OF SOLAR TRACKER WITH MICROCONTROLLER BASED CONTROL

BY R.SAMANTH (08C21A0445) S.YASASWI (08C21A0454) V.ROHITH KUMAR (08C21A0465)

UNDER ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF MRS.K.V.B.L.DEEPTHI B.tech ,M.tech Associate Professor

CONTENTS
Objectives Block Diagram Description Of Each Block Advantages Applications References

OBJECTIVES
Developing tracking schemes which Is capable Of tracking the Suns Trajectory Efficient Utilization Of Solar Energy Maximise the Power Per Unit Area

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Contrast control

Mode Selection Switch

Power Supply

RTC

162 LCD
Lpc 2148 Micro Controller Reset

Solar Panel

Resistor Network

ADC

Crystal

Dc Motor

H Bridge Driver

DESCRIPTION OF EACH BLOCK

POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK CONT

The standard 220v 50hz ac supply is given to the step-down transformer It is the converted in to 9v ac supply The 9v ac supply is give to a bridge rectifier from which it is converted in to dc voltage 9v dc is given as input to lm7805 voltage regulator which gives +5v on its output

MICRO CONTROLLER BLOCK

PIN DIAGRAM OF LPC2148

FEATURES OF LPC2148 MICRO CONTROLLER

Manufactured by NXP Semiconductors which was founded by Philips ARM7 TDMI S-Core Based Controller 16/32 Bit and 64 Pin Micro Controller Supports In-system Programming(ISP) And In-application Programming(IAP) Has Standard USB 2.0 Port 512kb Flash Memory

FEATURES CONT..
40 kb of on-chip static ram Two 10-bit ADCc with a conversion time less than 2.44ms Single 10-bit DAC Has a RTC(real time clock) with a clock frequency of 32.786khz Can process data up to 60mhz when used with a phase locked loop(PLL)

RESISTOR NETWORK AND ADC

2 Light Dependent resistors are used Resistance between them Is Compared Analog data Is fetched to ADC It Is Converted To Digital Data Based On this data the System tracking Is done

H BRIDGE DRIVER
Used to driver the motor It is a four switches direction of rotation depends on the switches

WORKING OF H BRIDGE
S1 1 0 0 0 1 S2 0 1 0 1 0 S3 0 1 0 0 1 S4 1 0 0 1 0 RESULT Motor moves right Motor moves left Motor free runs Motor brakes Motor brakes

0- Indicates Switch Is Off 1- Indicates Switch Is On

DC MOTOR
A 60 Rpm Geared DC Motor Is Used Rotates The Panel Based On The Trajectory Driven By a H-bridge Driver Which Is Connected To Controller

SOLAR PANEL
Array Of Photovoltaic Cells Cells Are Made Of Crystalline-Silicon Placed on a movable plate which is connected to the motor

LCD
Lcd stands for liquid crystal display 162 lcd +5v is needed for its working Efficient user interaction Indicates the status of the system

RESET AND CRYSTAL

It is used to reset the entire system Crystal oscillator is used to provide 12mhz frequency for operation of the controller

ADVANTAGES
Low cost Highly reliable circuit Completely automated system Works according to the direction of the sun Fit and forget system The amount of power generated is increased by approx 40% when compared with the static system

APPLICATIONS
Street lights and traffic signals Solar water heater Offices and industries House hold applications

REFRENCES
http://www.keil.com http://www.nxp.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker