A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same

geographical area.

 These

are the consequences : climatologically changes; coastal flooding; desertification; alteration of the patterns of diseases; water shortages; and consequential poverty and lowering of standard of the quality of life.

 Nuclear, solar and wind resources,

can be utilized and enough food can be produced to accommodate the increasing population with the right technology. For example: in solar, it can produce electricity through the light from the sun.

 Demographers- study birth, death and

migration data and how these affect the composition, size and distribution of the population. Concern also of sociologists and social scientists.

 Occupational groupings, marital, religious,

educational and ethnic status are also gathered. Education-ex. education program, like free teaching to those children who dont have enough money to sent them in school. Occupational groupings- ex. Coastal cleaning, tree planting and etc.

 1.the population census, with data on age,

sex, occupation, employment status, and migration; 2.vital registration statistics like births, deaths and marriages; 3.sample or special surveys on households; 4.data gathered and processed by government agencies.

 Human population grew slowly. It took more than

a million years to reach one billion people of the 19th century. By the 1990s there were more than five billion people worldwide, and at the end of the 20th century the population was six billion.
Malthusian Theory

English economist Thomas Malthus argued that population grows geometrically, which add more people every year.

 1.positive checks to overpopulation by

increasing the death rate, which include war, famine, pestilence, and disease: 2. preventive checks to prevent overpopulation by limiting the number of live births, which include abortion, infanticide, sexual abstinence, delayed marriage, and contraceptive use.

 Consequences of Population growth are :

high fertility societies are not able to provide good health, education, and welfare programs; the process of industrialization is slowed down; technology is costly and uncertain; consumption patterns destroy the ecosystem as technology depletes the natural resources and environmental problems are accelerated; it contributes to social inequality, it reduces the countrys ability to solve problems peacefully.

 In England, the birth rates were reduced through a

volunteer model. Fertility fell without government interference. China represents the involuntary model of fertility reduction. When the communists, led by Mao Ze Dong gained control in 1949, China was a poor, agricultural country with a huge population. In 1971, the government launched the later, longer, fewer campaign, where encouraged to marry later, leave a longer space between births, and bear lesser children.

 FERTILITY refers to the actual number of children

born to a woman. MORTALITY refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 of the mid-year population in a particular place at a specified time. Life Expectancy refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live from time of birth. MIGRATION population change is affected by migration, which is the movement of people for permanent residency.

Push Factors are unfavorable or unattractive conditions which are the reasons for moving. Pull Factors refer to the corresponding conditions or attractions or natural disasters. Internal Migration- spatial movement of people within a country. International Migration- movement from one country to another. Immigration is leaving one's country for another permanent settlement.

 it is refers to the proportion of different people at the

age levels. it is affected by the past rates of fertility and mortality and has certain far-reaching significance for the population.

 The population is young when a large portion of the

population is below 14 years. The population is old when there is a high proportion of old people. There is a smaller proportion of adult potential working hands, more independents, less producers and more consumers when a large proportion of the population is below five years of age.

Population 1948 Age Level

19,234,182 0-14 45.7 15-64 51.7 65-over 2.7

1990
60,688,887 37.8 59.2 3.0

1980
48,098 42.04 54.56 3.4

1970
36,684,986 45.68 51.42 2.90

The Philippines has a relatively young population, which is a

function of high fertility. This table noted that the age structure has become slightly older through the decades and it means that our age structure has been changing, indicating more people in the productive years.

it is influenced by the relationship

between fertility, mortality and migration.

 An index commonly used in the study of the sex

composition is the sex ratio, which is defined as the number of males per one hundred females. The formula is:

Sex Ratio = Males * 100 Females

Its state that, when the sex ratio is

100, this means that the number of males and females is balanced and when the sex ratio is over 100 there is a high sex ratio or predominance of males. A ratio of less than 100 means that there is a predominance of females, or a low sex ratio.

 The issue of whether the Philippines rapidly

growing population is a problem or not has continued to be debated on. Demographers and ecologists hold the view that rapid growth has consequences on the individual and the family in terms of the quality of life that can be maintained; it also affects social and economic development, the physical environment, and the national development as a whole.

Mercedes Concepcion
with a rapidly growing population, a considerable

portion of funds available for investment must be absorbed in the infrastructure and the expansion of capital resources required merely to maintain the present level of productivity per worker.

Frank Madigan, S.J among of the population pressures are the number of dependents who must be supported by the working population. the growing number of dependents entails a high ratio of net investment to net productivity in order to maintain status quo.

Corazon Raymundo state that the continued increase in population put strains on the natural resources which are necessary for propelling economic growth. This increase in population and the consequent economic pressures on the resources had led to a number of problems which threaten the sustained use of and maximum benefits from these resources

On the other hand, some

economists, the Catholic Church , and the Pro-Life Proponents argue that a population is not a problem because population refers to people and people cannot be a problem.

 To make the young people aware of the

population situation, a program for the population education was made by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports(DECS). DECS defined: population education is the process of developing awareness and understanding of the population situation as well as a rational attitude and behavior toward those situations for the attainment of a high quality of life for the individual, the family, the community, the nation and the world.

it aimed to develop among the

young the knowledge, skills, understanding and sensitivity necessary to enable them to make rational and responsible decisions concerning matters on population.

Natural Family Planning Method

in this method, sexual intercourse is avoided during

the wife's fertile period which may be determined by the use of the calendar, the thermometer, the cervical mucus method or Billings method. To be effective there must be a high level of motivation and communication between the sexual partners. This promotes communication and interaction between them.

Withdrawal
another technique requiring no drugs is the withdrawal or

it is called coitus interruptus. this needs precise timing and self-control on the part of the male.

The Condom
this makes use of a thin sheath or cover of rubber worn

by the male over the penis during sexual intercourse. this keeps the sperm from entering the womans vagina. this condom lessens the risk of contracting certain sexually transmitted disease like venereal disease and AIDS.

The IUD(Internal-Uterine

Device)
the intra-uterine device is a small object of plastic or

metal which is inserted into the uterus through the cervical canal by a doctor and left there for a one year. it needs to be check once a year to ensure that it remains in place.

The Pill or Oral Contraceptive

the pill is a combination of synthetic hormones to be

taken regularly for twenty-one consecutive days each month, beginning the fifth day after the menstrual

 this prevents the ovary from releasing the egg. This

pill is highly effective when used properly.

Surgical Methods or

Sterilization
among these methods are tubal ligation on the

female and vasectomy performed on the male. Tubal Ligation - is done by tying or cutting off the fallopian tube to completely block the passage of the ovum and prevent it from meeting the sperm

Vasectomy -it involves cutting off or tying the vas deferens so that the sperm will not enter the semen that is discharged.

both methods require skilled medical

practitioners. There must be considered as permanent methods, although with sophisticated procedures, they can be reversible in a few cases.

 Prepared by:

Cherry Mae,

Rosebert , &

Jessa

Monras