CREATIVE
WRITING
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
1.Understand the concepts of dialogue, literary devices, and
intertextuality;
2.Recognize the importance and functions of these concepts in
literature; and
3.Demonstrate their knowledge and skills through engaging
activities and examples.
CHALLENGE ME!
GEAILDOU
TRYARELIVDSEECI
NTERTXLIUATYI
TYRIBGAOOLO
PLTNAIOO
ALCCTNDEIA
TCNTAIIO
OALLNISU
MSRILPGIAA
PRAODY
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
1. CHARACTERS
2. SETTING
3. PLOT
4. DIALOGUE
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
4. DIALOGUE
• Dialogue is the spoken words of the characters in a play, novel, or film.
• In a play, unlike in a short story or poem, most of the story is told
through what the characters say to each other.
Example:
• Character A: “Why are you leaving so soon?”
• Character B: “Because I cannot bear this any longer.”
LITERARY DEVICES
These add texture, energy, and excitement to the narrative, grip
the reader’s imagination, and convey information as a form of a narrative
technique.
• Literary devices are tools or techniques that writers use to make their writing
more powerful, creative, and memorable.
• They help bring texture (layers of meaning), energy (strong emotion), and
excitement (interest and surprise) to a story.
• They also serve as narrative techniques, meaning they help a writer tell the
story in a more effective way instead of just plain description.
Think of them like spices in cooking: without them, the food (or story) might taste
plain, but with them, the flavor becomes richer and more enjoyable.
INTERTEXTUALITY
Denotes the way in which texts gain meaning through their referencing or
evocation of other texts.
Intertextuality is the way texts are linked to each other. A story, poem, or
movie does not exist in isolation—it often borrows, imitates, or responds
to other texts. This referencing gives the new text extra layers of meaning
because the audience brings their knowledge of the earlier text into the
new one.
JULIA KRISTEVA
Julia Kristeva, a poststructuralist, developed the term intertextuality, in
the
1960’s. Since then, this has been widely accepted by postmodern literary
critics
and theoreticians. Basically, when writers borrow from previous texts,
their work
acquires layers of meaning.
She argued that no text is completely original—every text is influenced by
or connected to other texts that came before it.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTERTEXTUALITY
1. Obligatory
2. Optional
3. Accidental
4. Citation
5. Allusion
6. Plagiarism
7. Parody
OBLIGATORY
The writer deliberately invokes a comparison or
association between two or more texts.
• You must know the original text to understand the
new one.
• Example (2023): The teleserye “Darna” remake (Jane
de Leon) can only be fully appreciated if viewers know
the original Darna comics and films. Without that
background, some references (like “Ding, ang bato!”)
lose meaning.
• Obligatory = must know the reference.
OPTIONAL
It has a less vital impact on the significance of the
hypertext.
• The writer includes a reference that is not necessary
to understand the story. If you notice it, it adds extra
meaning, but if not, the story still works.
• Example (2021): In a rom-com series, a character
says, “I purple you,” which is a famous line from
BTS’s V. Fans of BTS get the deeper meaning, but
even if you don’t know it, the scene is still
understandable as a sweet gesture.
ACCIDENTAL
It is when readers often connect a text with another text,
cultural practice, or a personal experience based on
his/her prior knowledge.
• The reader/viewer makes their own connection, even
if the writer didn’t intend it.
• Example: A student watching “Boys Over Flowers”
might say, “Parang Meteor Garden!” (both are about a
rich boy–poor girl love story). That’s a personal
connection.
• Accidental → Students comparing Boys Over Flowers
with Meteor Garden.
CITATION
It happens when the author is borrowing an idea or
phrase from someone else. It is about giving credit to the
original author.
• Borrowing with proper credit.
• Example: In a research paper, a Filipino student
writes: According to Jose Rizal (1889), “He who does
not love his own language is worse than a beast or a
putrid fish.” (Cited from El Filibusterismo).
• Citation = credit given.
ALLUSION
It is a particularly common form of deliberate
intertextuality
– it’s when one text makes a deliberate, but subtle,
reference to
another.
• A subtle or indirect reference.
• Example: A teacher calls a lazy student, “Juan
Tamad.” If students know the folktale of Juan Tamad,
they understand it’s an allusion to laziness.
• Allusion = hidden reference.
PLAGIARISM
It is stealing another person’s work without giving them
proper credit or permission.
• Copying without giving credit (dishonest).
• Example: Copy-pasting an entire paragraph from
Wikipedia into your essay without citing the source.
• Plagiarism → stealing without credit.
PARODY
An imitation of another text for satirical purpose; usually
to
mock.
• A funny imitation or exaggeration of another text.
• Example: TikTok creators making a “Twilight” funny
skit that exaggerates Bellas's seriousness. It mocks
the original but also references it.
