Philosophy of Education

Reader: J.M.Halstead
Liberal Values and Liberal education

Three fundamental liberal values

1. Individual freedom/liberty
(to pursue your own needs and interests)

2. Equality
(non-discrimination in society)

3. Rationality
(basing decisions on justifications)

Conflict between values

Much conflict in literature between value 1 and 2 which is more fundamental? Tensions between 1 and 2 gave rise to value 3

Principles of impartiality and tolerance linked to value 2 and 3 Principles of personal autonomy linked to value 1 and 3

1. Individual freedom/liberty

Freedom to satisfy needs Realize interests Being free from constraint

May include an individual life-plan

2. Equality

Focuses on dealings with others Equality of opportunity Attempts to equalize life/distribute wealth and power

3. Rationality

What will produce or reduce happiness Basis for resolution of conflict Kantian view = search for the truth

Rights

Moral rights

Those without which the 3 values cannot be achieved Right to life itself Right not to be enslaved Right not to be brainwashed To education To housing To free medical care To minimum income Includes defining roles and distribution of power

Social rights

Democracy

Seen by liberals as safeguarding against tyranny and guaranteeing equal rights of citizens.

Very much situated within the political domain (state must protect public interest and ensure social justice).

Economic value
Accepts holding of private property Supports free market economy

What does this say about value 2 equality??? What does this say about Education???

Values of liberal education

Rationality Personal autonomy Equality of respect

Multicultural education

Rationality

Development of the rational mind = core Having good reasons for doing or believing things Children must be taught critical thinking and open-mindedness Indoctrination is considered unacceptable

Personal autonomy
Linked to values of freedom and rationality Individuals become free choosers of what to believe/do Ability to think for one-self Rational decision-making Rely on reason and not on authority But: take into account community structures and social interdependence

Equality of respect

Abuse and disrespect in societies generate conflict Apposes discrimination Implies welcoming of diversity not conformity Equality of opportunity = equal access to resources

Multicultural education

Respect those who think/do differently See diversity as a source of enrichment Be open to a variety of ways of looking at the world

Practical implications for us

What do you think are the practical implications of these values of liberal education for our schools today?

Small classtest in preparation for Semestertest on 17 March.

Add your name and student nr to test page Read instructions carefully Ensure you answer the complete question Write clearly, coherently and legibly Complete in 15 Minutes