Professional Documents
Culture Documents
q&mawmfBuD;rSpDpOfa&;om;í
q&mawmfBuD;\ wynfh&if;jzpfawmfrlaom
r[mur®|memp&d, b'´EÅuOöeom&
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom
Ä t&if;cH&SdyHk Ä rdrdoP²mefrSm &Sdwmu- ay:wm wpfyg;? vdkufodwm wpfyg;/ ½kyf wpfyg;? emrf wpfyg;/
ácE¨mudk,fBuD;onf- ½kyf awG rçwnf/½kyfxJrSmvnf ; "mwf av;yg; rçwnf/ "mwfav;yg;xJ rSmvnf;
yx0Dr[mbk wfu rçwnf onf/
]]vuFm}} á cufrmç zGJUap;? ylç at;ç axmufuef? av;wefvu© P? odaMumif;jyonf...av;0"mwf&if;?
oabmwnf;/ (v,fwD)
]] oHk;q,fhwpfbHk rSwfzG,f }}
á tonóbHkonf - ½kyfom&Sd - 1 bHk/
á t½lyav;bHkonf - emrfom&Sd - 4 bHk/ rdrdcE¨m? olwpfyg;cE¨m? vlcE¨m? ewfcE¨mrsm;onf-½kyfçemrfpHkonf/
á yOöa0gum&bHkonf- ½kyfçemrfpHk -26 bHk/
]] tikwfrSm; av;ck }}
1/ ig tikwfrSm; r&SdwJhw&m;
2/ tom;ç ta&ç taMum paom tikwfrSm; ynwfw&m;
3/ acgif;ç udk,fç ajcç vuf paom tikwfrSm; trSm;w&m;
4/ a,mufsm;ç rdef;r paom tikwfrSm; tzsm;w&m;
ay: - od
½kyf - emrf ½SdwJhw&m;/ y&rwfw&m;/ trSefw&m;/ twGif;w&m;/ t&if;w&m;/
]] a&m*g oHk;rsKd; }}
1/ onm 0dyÜv’mo - trSwfrSm;
2/ pdwå 0dyÜv’mo - todrSm; trSm;a&m*g raysmuforQ tyg,frvGwf/
3/ 'd|d 0dyÜv’mo - t,lrSm;
]]or®m'd|d}} ]]rdpäm'd|d}}
(tjrifrSefyHk) (tjrifrSm;yHk)
yl - od yl'gu= yl'g odwmu= odwm/ (ig)yl (ig)od
at; - od at;'gu= at;'g / (ig)at; (ig)od
vIyf - od vIyfxmu= vIyfwm / (ig)vIyf (ig)od
qif;&J - od qif;&J'gu= qif;&J'g / (ig)qif;&J (ig)od
csrf;om - od csrf;om'gu= csrf;om'g / (ig)csrf;om (ig)od
]] ½kyf"mwfBuD; ig;yg; }}
awaZm 0ga,m tmayg tmumo yx0D
wdu© - yl'g vIyfxm ,dkpD;wm tMum;BuD;? tjywf&Snf'g rm'g
trIefwpfck uef? wdk;? wGef; trIefwpfck ½kyfcsif; ra&mwm ½kyfuvmyfwpfck
obm0 - avmifrIao; ysHUESHYrIao; rmrIao;
rE¨ - at;'g Nidrfwm zGJUpnf;wm tMum;ao;? jywfwdk'g aysmh'g
]] ½kyfçemrfay:NyD }}
á awaZmqdkwJh- rD;"mwfu avmifuRrf;atmifzkwf? 0ga,mqdkwJh- av"mwfu- rIwfay;vdkufawmh? tmaygqdkwJh- a&"mwfawGu
cef;csKyf? tmumo- tMum;"mwf- tao;tEkyfuGJí? yx0DqdkwJh- ajr"mwfawGu? trm"mwfawGu? wvIyfvIyfç w½G½Gç wrGrGç
wzspfzspfç wppfppfeJY? ]]rsKd;pHk rsKd;pHk}} ay:vmygonf/ ]]rsKd;pHk rsKd;pHk}} ay:aewmu= ]]½kyf}}/ ay:wdkif;ay:wdkif; vdkufíodwwfygonf/
]]ay:wdkif; ay:wdkif;}} vdkufodwmu= emrf/
'ghaMumifh á ½kyfu ay:wm/ emrf odwm? ESpfjzm uGJvmNyD/ á ½kyfu ay:wm/ emrf odwm? ESpfjzm uGJatmifMunfh/
]] "mwfav;yg; }}
(1) awaZm = ]rD;} vdkYrSwfyg/ (2) 0ga,m = ]av} vdkYrSwfyg/ (3) tmayg = ]a&} vdkYrSwfyg/ (4) yx0D = ]ajr} vdkYrSwfyg/
( ajrç a&ç avç rD;? bkwfBuD;av;oG,f )
ã "mwfwpfyg; ay:vmvQif? usefwJh "mwfoHk;yg;vnf; vdkufygNrJyg/ ã
odkYaomf..... vGefuJ&m "mwf\ vu©Pm xif&Sm;pGm ay:NrJomwnf;/
ã "mwfwpfyg; ysufvQif- usefwJh "mwfoHk;yg;vnf; wpfNyKdifeufwnf; ysufNrJyg/ ã
á ay:NyD; aysmufoGm;jcif;onf = tedpö vu©Pm/
á ysufoGm;wm atmifhvdkY r&wJhtwGuf = ocFg& 'ku© vu©Pm/
á jzpfNyD; ysufoGm;wmu olYoabm = tewåvu©Pm/ (vu©Pma&;oHk;yg; wifí ½I)
^]] emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPf }}
á emr= emrf/ ½ly= ½kyf/ y&dapä'= wpfjcm;pD/ ÓPf= odwm/ (½kyfwpfjcm;? emrfwpfjcm;? uGJuGJjym;jym; odwm)
1/ emrfç½kyfudk rjrifvQif= arG;wmç tdkwmç emwmç aowm? pdk;&drfçylaqG;ç idka<u;&wm? pdwfqif;&Jç udk,fqif;&J&wm? ½IdufBuD;wiifiif
yifyifyef;yef; EGrf;EGrf;e,fe,fjzpf&wm? pwJh aMumif;çusKd; qufrIawGudk awGU&rnf/
2/ emrfç½kyfudk rjrifvQif= cspfwJholESifh auGuGif;&wJh'ku©/ rkef;wJholESifh twlae&wJh'ku©/ &wmrvdkç vdkwmr&wJh'ku©? tJ'Dvdk
'ku©rsKd;pHkudk awGU&rnf/
]] yg&rD (10)yg; }}
1/ 'geyg&rD/ 2/ oDvyg&rD/ 3/ aeu©r®yg&rD/ 4/ ynmyg&rD/ 5/ 0D&d,yg&rD/ 6/ cEÅDyg&rD/ 7/ opömyg&rD/
8/ t"d|meyg&rD/ 9/ arwåmyg&rD/ 10/ Oayu©myg&rD [lí- (10)yg;/
]]vuFm}} á 'geç oDv? aeu©r®ç ynmhç 0D&d,m/ cEÅDç opö? "d|meç arwåç Oayu©m/
yg&rD q,fyg;? tusOf;tm;? a[mMum; apmjrwfpGm/
Ä xdkyg&rD q,fyg;wdkYwGif wpfyg;çwpfyg;vQif yg&rD? Oyyg&rD? y&rw¬yg&rD [lí- oHk;yg;pD? oHk;yg;pD jym;aomaMumifh...
yg&rDtus,f (30)jzpfygonf/
]]vuFm}}á oufrJhçouf&Sd? Am[d&u? pGefYEdkifrS? rlvyg&rD/ át*FgBuD;i,f? toG,foG,fudk? rwG,fpdwfu? pGefYEdkifrS?Oyyg&rD/
á toufZD0? pGefYEdki fu? y&rw¬rnf/ á yg&rDq,fyg;? tus,fyGm;? tjym;oHk;q,fnD/
]]yg&rDjznfh&ol oHk;rsKd;}} (1) bk&m; qkyefol wpfrsKd;/ (2) yapöuAk'¨g qkyefol wpfrsKd;/ (3) &[EÅm qkyefol wpfrsKd;/
]] bk&m;qkyefol oHk;rsKd; }}
(1) ynm"du bk&m;avmif;awmfonf - av;oacFs ESifh urÇm wpfodef;/
(2) o'¨g"du bk&m;avmif;awmfonf - &SpfoacFs ESifh urÇm wpfodef;/
(3) 0D&d,m"du bk&m;avmif;awmfonf - wpfq,fhajcmufoacFs ESifh urÇm wpfodef;/ yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;Mu&onf/
]] yapöuAk'¨g qkyefol }} yapöuAk'¨g qkyefolonf- ESpfoacFs ESifh urÇm wpfodef;/ yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhqnf;Mu&onf/
]] &[EÅm qkyefol}} (1) t*¾om0u onf- wpfoacFs ESifh urÇm wpfodef;/ (2) r[mom0u onf- urÇm wpfodef;/
(3) yuwdom0uonf- urÇm wpfodef;atmuf- b0wpf&m? b0wpfaxmif? wpfb0? ESpfb0-ponfjzifh
yg&rDawmfrsm;udk jznfhusifh&onf/
&]] ypö, y&d*¾[ÓPf }}
á ypö, = taMumif;w&m;/ y&d*¾[ = ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif ,lwm/ ÓPf = odwm/
( taMumif;w&m;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif ,lEdkif odEdkifonfh ÓPfonf= ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf/ )
]] ½kyfjzpf&jcif; taMumif; }}
(1) awaZm = rD;"mwf = ½kyf tusKd;
(2) 0ga,m = av"mwf = ½kyf ½kyfjzpf&jcif;onf- ]½kyf}aMumifh/
(3) tmayg = a&"mwf = ½kyf taMumif;
(4) yx0D = ajr"mwf = ½kyf
]] emrfjzpf&jcif; taMumif; }}
ay:(½kyfç emrf) taMumif; yxrtodonf- ay:vmwJh ½kyfçemrfudkod/ 'kwd,todonf- yxrtod\ jzpfxmç
od (emrf) tusKd; ysufxmudk od/ tqifhqifh ay:vmwJh emrfç½kyfaMumifh- emrfjzpfonf/
od (emrf) tusKd;
]] y&rwfoH o&mvnf yHk }}
( oH = tqufrjywf? o&m = vnfwm )
tqHk;rxif
aMumif; aMumif; aMumif;
tprxif
]] ynwfoH o&mvnfyHk }}
vlYjynfarG; vl- ewf- jA[®m- i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (7-vrf;)
vlYjynfao vl- ewf- jA[®m- i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (7-vrf;)
ewfjynfarG; vl- ewf- jA[®m- i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (7-vrf;)
ewfjynfao vl- ewf- jA[®m- i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (7-vrf;)
jA[®marG; vl- ewf- jA[®m- (3-vrf;)
jA[®mao vl- ewf- jA[®m- (3-vrf;)
tyg,farG; vl- ewf- + i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (6-vrf;)
tyg,fao vl- ewf- + i&J- wd&pämef- Nydwåm- tol&um,f- (6-vrf;)
(1) a&S;b0? (2) ,ckb0? (3) aemifb0? oHk;b0rSm- ESpfydkif; jywfaeonf/ tmumo jcm;aeonf/
xdkYaMumifh... a&S;b0u ½kyfç emrfonf- ,ckb 0odkY ryg/ ,ckb0 ½kyfç emrfonfvnf;- aemifb0odkY ryg/
]]vuFm}}á y&rwfoHo&mwGif? aMumif;çusKd; emrfç½kyfeJY? jzpfçysufawGudkjrif? ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPfyif/
,HkrSm;jcif;&Spfyg;?wpfq,fh ajcmufyg;pif? ucFg0dw&P 0dok'¨dyif? plVaomwmyefvdkYwGif? tyg,fcGif ra&muf?
0rf;ajrmufzG,fwpfck? cdkifNrJrI omoem? oHk;jzm tusKd;&/
á ½IrSwfqJwGif- taMumif;çtusKd; ESpfyg;udk ydkif;jcm;íodwm? ]]ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf}}yJ/
á ½IrSwfqJwGif- taMumif;çtusKd; ESpfyg;udkom awGU&í? a&S;uvnf; 'Dvdk taMumif;çtusKd;om &SdcJhonf/ ,ckvnf; &SdqJ/
aemifvnf; &SdvdrfhOD;rnf[k oabmusum? ,HkrSm;jcif; uif;avmufatmif? tod&Sif;wmu- ]]ucFg0dw&P 0dok'¨d}}yg/
]] tnpftaMu;q,fyg; }}
(1) Mobmaom - cE¨mudk,frS ta&mifrsKd;pHk xGufay:vmwwfonf/
(2) yDwd - ESpfouf 0rf;omp&m ig;rsKd;vnf; cE¨mudk,frSm ay:vmwwfonf/
(3) yó'¨d - udk,fat;ç pdwfat;? udk,fayghç pdwfaygh? udk,fEl;nHhç pdwfEl;nHh? udk,fav;awGvnf; aevdkYaumif;? pdwfuav;awG
vnf; rSwfvdkYaumif;? udk,fvnf;usef;rmç pdwfvnf;csrf;om? udk,fvnf;ajzmifhç pdwfvnf;ajzmifh- qdkwJh? yó'¨d-
6-pHk? 12-ck? ay:vmwwfonf/
(4) t"darmu© - &ifwGif emrftpOf Munfvifjcif;/
(5) y*¾[ - tm;xkwfrI vG,fuljcif;/
(6) okc - w&m;&Sm csrf;omawGU&jcif;/
(7) ÓP - 0dyóem ÓPftm; xufjrufjcif;/
(8) Oy|me - 0dyóemt&mrSm ay:wmrsm; xif&Sm;jcif;/
(9) Oayu©m - tm0ZÆEkayu©m? 0dyóEkayu©m? ocFg&"r®wdkYtay: vspfvsL½IIí? jzpfçysufudk rSwfaeEdkifwm/
(10)eduEÅd - w&m;tm;xkwfvdkY aysmfarGUwm= wPSm/ ysif;vQif= xdeç rd'¨/ rrSwfwm= arm[/ pdwfqdk;vQif=a'go/
pGJvrf;vQif= avmb/
á rSwfcsuf ¶ ta&mif ponfwdkYudk *½krpdkufeJY? jzpfçysufudkom rSwfaeyg/
rqifjcifawmhbJ rSwf½Hkom rSwfae&mwGif- tvif;a&mif?yDwd? yó'¨d? okcpaom t&omxl;rsm;udkvnf;awGUvsuf ay:rI? aysmufrI?
jzpfrI? ysufrIwdkYudk? vG,fulpGm rSwfodaewmu ]tEkpm;O',AÁ,ÓPf}/
tvif;a&mifpaom txl;taxGrsm;udk pOf;pm;tm;& oabmusaewmu vrf;rSm;yJ/ rSwf½Hkom rjywfrSwfaewmu vrf;rSefyJ/ rjywf
rSwfaerS ÓPfwufrnf/
þuJhodkY ]vrf;rSef- vrf;rSm;}udk ydkif;jcm;a0zefí? ÓPftjrifrSm pifMu,faewmu ]r*¾gr*¾ ÓP 'óe0dok'¨d}/
]]vuFm}} á jzpfçysuf jrifcg? 0rf;omESpfouf? ta&mifxGufí? MuufoD;pçpGm? awGUBuKHvmonf? r*¾g- ra0;NyD/
(10) ]] ud k , f a wG U ÓPf j rif (10)&uf p Of tusOf ; csKyf }}
]] trQa0yHk }}
,ckjyKorQ- aeYwdkif;jyKorQ- ukov\ tzdkYtpkawGudk... Mum;Mum;orQ vla&mç ewfyg? owå0g teEÅwdkYtm;-
&jim;ygap... &jim;ygap... &jim;ygap... trQ a0iSvdkufyg\/
wGif;çy ESpfwef ab;&efawGvnf; {uefraoG Nidrf;at;EdkifMuygapukefownf;...../
tm;vHk;- Mum;Mum;orQ? trQ&Muí- udk,fçpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmMuonf... csrf;omMuonf...
0rf;omMuonf...vef;jzmMuonf... jzpfMuygapaomf......./
trQ ... trQ ... trQ ... ,lawmfrlMuygukefavm .......
om"k ... om"k ... om"k /
(11) odu©mwpfyg;ESifh wpfyg; eD;pyfyHk odu©m oHk;yg; 'd|dbHkoHk;qifh &tyfaomtusKd;rsm;
]]ynm}} ]]ynm}} ]]tEko, rsKd;rysufrIrsm;}}
emr½ly y&dapä'ÓPf - ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf 'd|d 0dok'¨d ]tEko,bH k}
or®oeÓPf - O',AÁ,ÓPf ucFg0dw&P 0dok'¨d
0dZÆmrsKd;
tMum;
½kyf emrf tp (2)/ emrf½kyf jrif (2)/ emrf½kyf jrif (2)/ Ówç u
(2)
2 ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf taMumif;emrf½kyfxif emrf½kyf jrif (2)/
3 or®oeÓPf umvoHk;cGifjzpfysufjrif jzpfysuftv,f (2)/ jzpfysufxif
4
wd&Pvu¨Pmxif (10)
O',AÁ,ÓPf ay:wkef;omjzpfysufxif
ysufv,f (3)
tjywf (10)
rkef;vQif (3)
7 tm'De0ÓPf tjypfawGUjrif
8 edAÁd'gÓPf rkef;vQif
tysuftqHk; (*)
9 rkpödwkurswmÓPf 5 vGwfcsif
10 y#docFgÓPf 6 xyf½IrS vGwfrnfxif vGwfcsif-p
ysufqHk; (4)
11
jzpfysufyJjrif
ocFg½kayu©mÓPf 7 jzpfysufudkbJjyefjrif vGwfcsif-v,f
12 tEkavmrÓPf 8 ½I&if; ½I&if;? ½I&if;eJYyif
(4)
vGwfcsif-qHk;
X
13 a*gMwbkÓPf &yf-p X
t&yf (3)
&yfqHk;xif
&yfwmjrif
14 r*fÓPf &yf-v,f &yfxmjrifwJh
y[meçu
(3)
(3)
15 zdkvfÓPf &yf-qHk;xif r*fy,f'gyif
16 ypöa0u©PmÓPf jyefqifcsif jyefqifcsif (1) jyefqifcsif (1)
y&dnmvrf;pOf
ÓPfpOf (16)yg;
tmumorSwf
ÓPfpOf (7) yg;
ÓPfpOf (4)yg;
jzpfyHkyif/ 0dyóemvrf ;pOfoHk; (3)
jzpfyHkyif
jzpfyHkyif