Economics of

Farming Systems in Vidarbha

By
Dr. (Ms.) S. V. Warade

Agricultural Prices Scheme,

Department of Agricultural Economics and Statistics,
Dr.PDKV, Akola.
 OBJECTIVES
• To study the socio-economic characteristics
of the different Farming Systems

• To study the employment generation.

• To study the economics of Farming
Systems.
 METHODOLOGY
• A Sample of 121 farmers from purposely selected different clusters of
Agricultural Prices Scheme of Vidarbha for study.
• The sample is classified accordingly to their present Farming Systems.
The data for all samples were tabulated and analyse for different
objectives of study.
• The Cost-A, Cost-B and Cost-C were used as analytical tool for
calculating economics of different Farming System. The Farming
Systems observed and their sample selected are as follows
1. Agriculture = 20 samples
2. Agriculture + Dairy = 29 samples
7. Agriculture + Poultry = 19 samples
8. Agriculture +Goat = 23 samples
9. Agriculture + Horticulture = 20 samples
5. Agriculture + Sericulture = 10 samples.
Table 1 : Average Family Size under different Farming Systems

Numbers

Agri + Agri +
Sr. Agri- Agri + Agri +
Gender Agri + Goat Horti- Seri- Overall
No culture Dairy Poultry
culture culture

1 Male 1.44 2.9 3.33 2.91 2.2 2.08 2.47

(29.57) (41.60) (44.46) (44.98) (40.37) (50.98) (42.01)
2 Female 1.11 2.41 2.44 2.04 1.85 1.58 1.9
(22.79) (34.58) (32.58) (31.53) (33.94) (38.73) (32.31)
3 Children 2.32 1.66 1.72 1.52 1.4 0.42 1.51
(Below 12
year) (47.64) (23.82) (22.96) (23.49) (25.69) (10.29) (25.68)
Total
Members 4.87 6.97 7.49 6.47 5.45 4.08 5.88
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)

Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Family Members

 Fig. No. 1. Average Familly Size ofSelected Farmers of different
Farmerming System.

8 7.49
6.97
7 6.47
6 5.45
4.87
5
Family Member

4.08
4 me
3
2
1
0
Agriculture Agri + Dairy Agri + Poultry Agri + Goat Agri + Agri + Sericulture
Horticulture
Farming System
Fig. No. 2. Overall Percentage share of Family Members.

Children, 25.68

Male , 42.01
Male
Female
Children

Female, 32.31
Table 2 : Educational Status of the Farmers of different Farming Systems

Numbers

Agri + Agri +
Sr. Educational Agri + Agri + Agri +
Agriculture Horti- Seri- Overall
No Status Dairy Poultry Goat
culture culture
1 Illiterate 4 4 5 6 2 _ 21
(20.00) (13.80) (26.32) (26.09) (10.00)   (17.36)
2 Primary 7 10 7 8 4 7 43
(35.00) (34.48) (36.84) (34.78) (20.00) (70.00) (35.54)
3 High School 7 11 6 9 9 2 44
(35.00) (37.93) (31.58) (39.13) (45.00) (20.00) (36.36)
4 Graduation 2 4 1 _ 5 1 13
(10.00) (13.79) (5.26)   (25.00) (10.00) (10.74)
Total 20 29 19 23 20 10 121
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)

Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Total Farmers

 Fig No. 3. Overall Educational Status of the Farmers

Garaduation, 10.74
Illiterate, 17.36

Illiterate
Primary
High School
High School, 36.36 Garaduation

Primary, 35.54
Table 3 : Land Use Pattern of different Farming Systems
in
hectares
Agri + Agri +
Agri- Agri + Agri + Agri +
Sr. No Particulars Horti- Seri- Overall
culture Dairy Poultry Goat
culture culture
1 Total land Holding 2.60 3.13 2.08 1.71 2.46 4.11 2.58
2 Current Fallow Land 0.17 0.34 0.10 0.83 0.07
(6.07) (10.97) (4.85) (20.34) 2.40
3 Net Cultivated Area 2.43 2.79 2.24 1.61 3.31 3.28 2.51
(86.79) (90.00) (87.50) (78.16) (93.77) (80.39) (85.96)
Area sown more than
4 0.37 0.31 0.32 0.45 0.22 0.80 0.41
once
(13.21) (10.00) (12.50) (21.84) (6.23) (19.61) (14.04)
5 Irrigated Area 0.63 0.87 0.32 0.42 0.88 3.86 0.84
(22.60) (28.13) (12.34) (20.47) (24.79) (94.50) (28.83)
6 Gross Cropped Area 2.80 3.10 2.56 2.06 3.53 4.08 2.92
(100.00 (100.00 (100.00 (100.00
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
) ) ) )
Crop Intensity (%) 115.23 111.11 114.29 127.95 106.65 124.39 116.33

Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area

Table 4 : Cropping Pattern under different Farming Systems
Area in hectares
Farming Systems
Sr. Agri +
Crops Agri- Agri + Agri + Agri + Agri + Seri-
No. Horti- Overall
culture Dairy Poultry Goat culture
culture
I Kharif
1 Jowar 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.26 0.63 0.30 0.37
(13.93) (11.94) (13.28) (12.62) (17.85) (7.35) (12.67)
2 Paddy 0.37 0.67 0.54 0.33 0.31
(13.21) (21.61) (21.09) (16.02)   (10.62)
3 Cotton 0.74 0.81 0.65 0.44 0.87 1.1 0.76
(26.43) (26.13) (25.39) (21.36) (24.65) (26.96) (26.03)
4 Tur 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.02 0.10 0.12 0.10
(3.57) (4.19) (4.30) (0.97) (2.83) (2.94 (3.42)
5 Mung 0.1 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.10
(3.57) (3.55) (3.13) (4.37) (3.97) (1.96) (3.42)
6 Udid 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.03
(1.07) (0.65) (0.78)   (2.83)   (1.03)
7 Soybean 0.48 0.54 0.28 0.29 0.68 0.68 0.49
(17.14) (17.42) (10.94) (14.08) (19.26) (16.67) (16.78)
Total 2.21 2.65 2.02 1.43 2.52 2.28 2.16
(78.92) (85.49) (78.91) (69.42) (71.39) (55.88) (73.97)
 Farming Systems
Sr. Agri + Agri +
Crops Agri- Agri + Agri + Agri +
No. Horti- Seri- Overall
culture Dairy Poultry Goat
culture culture
II Rabi            
8 Sunflower 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05
(2.14) (2.90) (3.13) (3.40)   (1.71)
9 Wheat 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.1 0.13 0.50 0.16
(4.29) (1.94) (1.56) (4.85) (3.68) (12.25) (5.48)
10 Gram 0.19 0.16 0.2 0.28 0.09 0.3 0.2
(6.79) (5.16) (7.81) (13.59) (2.55) (7.35) (6.85)
Total 0.37 0.31 0.32 0.45 0.22 0.8 0.41
(13.22) (10.00) (12.50) (21.84) (6.23) 19.60) (14.04)
III Citrus Crop 0.52 0.09
    (14.73)   (3.08)
IV Mulberry 0.70 0.12
    (17.16) (4.11)
V Other 0.22 0.14 0.22 0.18 0.27 0.3 0.14
(7.86) (4.51) (8.59) (8.74) (7.65) (7.36) (4.80)
VI 2.80 3.10 2.56 2.06 3.53 4.08 2.92
Gross (100.00
Cropped Area (100.00) (100.00) ) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
Note : Figures in parentheses are percent to Gross Cropped Area
 Fig.4 Cropping Pattern of Different Farming System.
160.00
140.00
120.00
Percentage of GCA

100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
r

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at
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Mu

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Ot
Gr

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Wh
Jo

Pa

Co

Cr
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yb

nfl Agri + Sericulture

Mu
So

rus
Su

Cit
Agri + Horticulture
Crops Agri + Goat
Agri + Poultry
Agri + Dairy
Agriculture
Table 5 : Fixed Capital Investment in different Farming Systems

Value in Rs

Average Land
Sr. No. Farming Systems Per Farm Per Hectare
holding

1 Agriculture 2.60 271167 104295

2 Agri + Dairy 3.13 336688 107568

3 Agri + Poultry 2.08 187358 90076

4 Agri + Goat 1.71 197062 115241

5 Agri + Horticulture 2.46 422837 171885

6 Agri + Sericulture 4.11 529154 128748

Overall 2.58 308660 119636

Table 6: Employment Generation by different Farming Systems
Human Labour days Per
Hectare
Employment in
Additional Employment Employment in
S. Agriculture of
Farming System increase in Farming Agriculture + Selected
No. respective Farming
System Enterprise
System
Human Labour
Human Labour Days Human Labour Days
Days

1 Agriculture 74.65 _
2 Agri + Dairy 70.88 16.86 87.74
3 Agri + Poultry 74.34 7.15 81.50
4 Agri + Goat 78.72 17.08 95.80
Agri +
5 Horticulture 131.14 10.87 142.01
Agri +
6 Sericulture 90.97 23.39 114.37
Overall 86.78 17.50 104.28
Table7 : Economics of Different Farming Systems in Vidarbha.

Per hectare

Net Net
Sr. Farming Number of Gross B:C
No.
Cost A Cost C Return at Return at
System units Return Ratio
Cost A Cost C

1 Agriculture 11255.57 19710.79 21138.22 9882.65 1427.42 1.07

Agriculture
2 Agri + Dairy with 2 milch 26338.72 37216.79 46290.98 19952.26 9074.19 1.24
animal
Agriculture
Agri +
3 Poultry
with 7 9592.51 17691.02 25772.50 16179.99 8081.48 1.46
poultry birds
Agriculture
4 Agri + Goat
with 7 goats
17078.47 25921.41 27021.56 9943.09 1100.15 1.04

Agri + Agriculture
5 Horticulture and 45 trees
16257.36 31769.80 35113.77 18856.40 3343.97 1.11

Agri + 50 of Eggs
6 Sericulture Clusters
19495.21 27487.82 20015.84 520.63 -7471.98 0.73
Table 8 : Returns per Unit of selected enterprise under different Farming
Systems
(Value in
Rs.)

Net Net Net

Sr. Farming Number Gross
No Cost A Cost B Cost C Return at Return at Return at
System of units Return
Cost A Cost B Cost C

Agriculture
1 Per hectare 11255.57 18059.45 19710.79 21138.22 9882.65 3078.76 1427.42

Dairy
Per milch
enterprise
2 animal 10782.83 11700.35 13323.17 17086.20 6303.37 5385.84 3763.03

Poultry
Per poultry
enterprise
3 bird 144.32 148.36 178.71 227.32 83.01 78.97 48.61

Goat
enterprise
4 Per Goat 727.86 894.72 934.64 982.54 254.68 87.82 47.90

Horticultur
e
5 enterprise Per tree 100.67 192.99 202.87 272.84 172.17 79.85 69.97

Sericulture
Per 100 Egg
enterprise
6 Cluster 10141.71 12998.45 13500.80 5746.29 -4395.42 -7252.16 -7754.51