Selesaikanlah dengan metode Frobenius

y"+ xy'+ (1 − 2 x − 2 ) y = 0
Penyelesaian :
∞ ∞ ∞

∑ (m + r )(m + r − 1) a
m=0
m x m+ r − 2
+ x ∑ (m + r )am x
m= 0
m + r −1
+ (1 − 2 x ) ∑ a m x m+ r = 0
−2

m=0
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

∑ (m + r )(m + r − 1) am x m+ r − 2 +
m=0
∑ (m + r )am x m + r +
m= 0
∑ a m x m + r − 2∑ a m x m + r − 2 = 0
m= 0 m= 0
∞ ∞

∑ [ (m + r )(m + r − 1) − 2] a
m=0
m x m+ r − 2 + ∑ [ (m + r ) + 1] a m x m+ r = 0....................(*)
m=0

* Mencari r yaitu dengan memilih koefisien terkecil dari (*), pilih ( x r − 2 )

Substitusi m = 0 ke [ (m + r )(m + r − 1) − 2] a m
[ r (r − 1) − 2] a0 = 0
a 0 ≠ 0 sehingga r (r − 1) − 2 = 0
r2 − r − 2 = 0
(r − 2)(r + 1) = 0
r1 = 2 r2 = −1
Kasus 1 karena selisih kedua akarnya bilangan bulat
Solusi : y1 ( x) = x r1 (a0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + ...)
= x 2 (a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + ...)
y 2 ( x) = k y1 ( x) ln( x) + x r2 ( A0 + A1 x + A2 x 2 + ...)
[ ]
= k x 2 (a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + ...) ln x + x −1 ( A0 + A1 x + A2 x 2 + ...)
* Mencari koefisien a0 , a1 , a2 ,..., A0 , A1 , A2 ,...
* Mencari koefisien x s +r
x s +r = x m +r −2 x s +r = x m +r
s +r = m+r −2 s+r =m+r
m = s+2 m=s
* Substitusi ke (*)
[ ( s + r + 2)(s + r + 2 −1) − 2] as +2 + [ s + r +1] as = 0
s + r +1
a s +2 = − as
( s + r + 2)( s + r + 1) − 2
untuk r1 = 2
0 + 2 +1 3
Jika s = 0 , a2 = − a0 = − a 0
(0 + 2 + 2)(0 + 2 + 1) − 2 10
2
Jika s = 1 , a3 = − a1
9
5 5 3  3
Jika s = 2 , a4 = − a2 = − × − a0  = a0
28 28  10  56
3
Jika s = 3 , a5 = − a3
20
7 7  3  1
Jika s = 4 , a6 = − a 4 = − ×  a0  = − a0
54 54  56  144
* Cari a1 dengan m = 1 disubstitusikan ke [ (m + r )(m + r −1) − 2] am
[ r (r +1) − 2] a1 = 0
(r 2 + r − 2)a1 = 0
(r − 1)(r + 2)a1 = 0
r1 = 2 r2 = −1
sehingga a1 = 0
→ Diperoleh :
y1 ( x) = x 2 (a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 + a4 x 4 + a5 x 5 + a6 x 6 + ...)
 3 3 1 
= x 2  a0 + 0 x − a 0 x 2 + 0 x 3 + a0 x 4 + 0 x 5 − a0 x 6 + ... 
 10 56 144 
 3 3 4 1 6 
= x 2 a0 1 − x 2 + x − x + ... 
 10 56 144 
 3 3 6 1 8 
= a0  x 2 − x 4 + x − x + ... 
 10 56 144 
* Untuk r = − 1
s+ r +1
As + 2 = − As
( s + r + 2)( s + r + 1) − 2
s + (− 1) + 1
As + 2 = − As
( s + (− 1) + 2)( s + (− 1) + 1) − 2
s
As + 2 = − As
( s − 1)( s + 2)
Jika s = 0 , A2 = 0 × A0 = 0
1 1
Jika s = 2 , A4 = − A2 = − × 0 = 0
2 2
3
Jika s = 3 , A5 = − A3
10
2 2
Jika s = 4 , A6 = − A4 = − × 0 = 0
9 9
5 5 3 3
Jika s = 5 , A7 = − A5 = − × − A3 = A3
28 28 10 56
* Cari A1 dengan m = 1 disubstitusikan ke [ (m + r )(m + r − 1) − 2] Am
[ r (r + 1) − 2] A1 = 0
(r 2 + r − 2) A1 = 0
(r − 1)(r + 2) A1 = 0
r1 = 2 r2 = − 1
sehingga A1 = 0
→ Diperoleh :
y 2 ( x) = k y1 ( x) ln( x) + x r2 ( A0 + A1 x + A2 x 2 + ...)
  3 3 1 8 
= k a0  x 2 − x 4 + x 6 − x + ...  ln x + x −1 ( A0 + A1 x + A2 x 2 + ...)
  10 56 144 
  3 4 3 6 1 8   3 3 
= k a0  x 2 − x + x − x + ...  ln x + x −1  A0 + A3 x 3 − A3 x 5 + A3 x 7 + ...
  10 56 144   10 56 
  3 3 1 8    3 3 
= k a0  x 2 − x4 + x6 − x + ...  ln x + x −1  A0 + A3  x 3 − x 5 + x 7 + ... 
  10 56 144    10 56 

∴ Solusi :
 3 3 1 8 
y1 ( x) = a 0  x 2 − x 4 + x 6 − x + ... 
 10 56 144 
  3 3 1 8    3 3 
y 2 ( x) = k  a 0  x 2 − x 4 + x 6 − x + ...  ln x + x −1  A0 + A3  x 3 − x 5 + x 7 + ...  
  10 56 144    10 56 