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9
Differen
ial toolol
• Ulamjlalyn todorxoïlolt
1
Ulamjlalyn todorxoïlolt
∆S f (t + ∆t) − f (t)
v = lim v = lim = lim
∆t→0 ∆t→0 ∆t ∆t→0 ∆t
∆f (x)
lim = lim tgϕ = tgα
∆x→0 ∆x ϕ→α
buµu
∆y
tgα = lim
∆x→0 ∆x
O y
y = f (x)M
uu
1uu
u u
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uuu
uu
uuu
u u u
uuuu
u M
u_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
uu
N
u uu
u u
u\u j
uu
uuu
uu
ϕ α x /
Ouu
uu
uu
x x+∆x
2
X muj däär y = f (x) funk
todorxoïlogdson baïg.
X -ääs x
äg awq x + ∆x ∈ X baïxaar ∆x öörqlölt ög´ë.
′ ∆y f (x + ∆x) − f (x)
y = lim = lim .
∆x→0 ∆x ∆x→0 ∆x
3
Zarim x¶lbar funk
iïn ulamjlalyg olox
4
2). y = sin x x ∈] − ∞, ∞[
∆x ∆x
∆y = sin(x + ∆x) − sin x = 2 sin cos x +
2 2
=⇒
sin ∆x
∆y ∆x
lim = lim ∆x2 · cos x + = 1 · cos x = cos x
∆x→0 ∆x ∆x→0 2
2
=⇒
3). y = ax ∀x ∈ R
∆y = ax+∆x − ax = ax(a∆x − 1)
=⇒
∆y ax(a∆x − 1)
lim = lim = ax · ln a =⇒ (ax)′ = ax · ln a.
∆x→0 ∆x ∆x→0 ∆x
5
Differen
ialqlax x¶lbar dürmüüd
1. Togtmol funk
iïn ulamjlal tägtäï tän
üü baïna.
(uv)′ = u′v + uv ′
baïna.
4. u(x), v(x) funk
üüd n´X olonlog däär todorxoïlogdson differen
ialqlag-
dax funk
üüd bögööd v(x) 6= 0 bol
u ′ u′v − uv ′
=
v v2
6
Dawxar funk
iïn ulamjlal
7
Urwuu funk
iïn ulamjlal
Xaril an nägän utgataï buulgaltyn xuw´d tüüniï urwuu or²in baïdag. uud
8
′ 1 2 1 1 1
yx = = cos y = = =
x′y 1 + tg2y tg2(arctgx) 1 + x2
Ji²ää : y = ax funk
iïn ulamjlalyg ol.
y = ax . ⇐⇒ x = loga y
1 1
x′y = · loga e =
y y ln a
⇒
1 y
yx′ = (ax)′ = ′
= = a x
ln a
xy loga e
Ji²ää y = uv . funk
iïn ulamjlalyg ol.
u = u(x), v = v(x) n´ differen
ialqlagdax funk
üüd baïg.
′
u
y ′ = (uv )′x = uv · v ′ · ln u + · v .
u
Xäräw u = v = x bol
y ′ = (xx)′ = xx · (1 + ln x)
9
Parametrt dürsäär ögögdsön funk
iïn ulamjlal
x = ϕ(t)
, t0 ≤ t ≤ T.
y = ψ(t)
ϕ(t), ψ(t) n´ differen
ialqlagdax, x′ = ϕ′(t) 6= 0 nöx
öliïg xangadag, mön
t = F (x) gäsän urwuu funk
täï baïg. Tägwäl
ψ ′(t)
yx′ = ′ .
ϕ (t)
xälbärtäï oldlono.
Ji²ää
x = a cos t
0≤t≤π bol yx′ =?
y = b sin t
ψ ′(t) (b sin t)′ b cos t) b
yx′ = ′ = = = − ctgt.
ϕ (t) (a cos t)′ a(− sin t) a
10
I. Zärgiïn funk
. II. Iltgägq, logarifm funk
.
1. y = xα y ′ = α · xα−1 1. y = ax y ′ = ax · ln a
2. y = x y ′ = 1 2. y = ex y ′ = ex
√ ′ 1 ′ 1
3. y = x y = √ 3. y = loga x y =
2 x x ln a
1 1 1
4. y = y′ = − 2 4. y = ln x y ′ =
x x x
III. Trigonometriïn funk
. IV. Trigonometriïn urwuu funk
.
1
1. y = sin x y ′ = cos x ′
1. y = arcsin x y = √
1 − x2
1
2. y = cos x y ′ = − sin x ′
2. y = arccos x y = − √
1 − x2
1 1
3. y = tgx y′ = 3. y = arctgx y ′ =
cos2 x 1 + x2
′ 1 ′ 1
4. y = ctgx y =− 2 4. y = arcctgx y = −
sin x 1 + x2
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