Κεφάλαιο 7- Μελέτη Βασικών Συναρτήσεων

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7
7.1 f(x) x 2

1. .
(0,0)
yy. y ax 2 .
(1,2)
y ax 2 .
:
2 a12 a 2
y 2x 2
2. :
i) ( x) 0,5x 2 ,
f (x) 0,5x 2 2 g (x) 0,5x 2 3
ii) (x) 0,5x 2 , h(x) 0,5x 2 2 q(x) 0,5x 2 3
i) H ( x) 0,5x 2
(0,0) yy.
H f (x) 0,5x 2 2
( x) 0,5x 2 2 .
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H g (x) 0,5x 2 3
( x) 0,5x 2 3 .
:
ii) H (x) 0,5x 2

(0,0) yy.
H h(x) 0,5x 2 2
(x) 0,5x 2 2 .
H q(x) 0,5x 2 3
(x) 0,5x 2 3 .
:
3. :
i) ( x) 0,5x 2 ,
f (x) 0,5(x - 2) 2 g (x) 0,5(x 2) 2
ii) (x) 0,5x 2 , h(x) 0,5(x - 2) 2 q(x) 0,5(x 2) 2
i) H ( x) 0,5x 2
(0,0) yy.
H f (x) 0,5(x - 2) 2
( x) 0,5x 2 2 .
H g (x) 0,5(x 2) 2
( x) 0,5x 2 2 .
:
ii) H (x) 0,5x 2

(0,0) yy.
H h(x) 0,5(x - 2) 2
(x) 0,5x 2 2 .
H q(x) 0,5(x 2) 2
(x) 0,5x 2 2
.
:
4. i)

(x) = x2 g(x) = 1
:
x2 1 x2 > 1.
ii) .
H f ( x) x 2
(0,0) yy.
g(x) = 1 xx
(0,1).
:
f (x) g ( x) x 2 1 x 2 1 0 ( x 1)( x 1) 0 x 1 x -1
(-1,1) (1,1).
:
x2 1 x2 > 1 .
f ( x) x 2 g(x) = 1 :
f (x) g(x) f ( x) g ( x) .
f (x) g(x) x f
g.
(x [-1,1] ):
f ( x) g ( x) x f
g.
(x(-,-1) (1,+)):
ii)
:
x 2 1 x 2 1 0 ( x 1)( x 1) 0 1 x 1
x 2 1 x 2 1 0 ( x 1)( x 1) 0 x 1 x 1
B
1. : (x) = x|x|.
H f(x) :
x 2 , x 0
f ( x) 2
x , x 0
H f (x) x 2
(0,0) yy.
x<0.
H f ( x) x 2
(0,0) yy.
x 0.
f(x) .
2. :
x , x 0
f ( x) 2
x , x 0

.
H f (x) x
(0,0) .
x<0 (
.
H f ( x) x 2
(0,0) yy.
x 0.
f(x) :
f :
f (-,0]
[0,+ ).
f x=0 f(0)=0.
3. :
f ( x) x , g ( x) x 2 , h( x) x 3 ( x) x
[0, +) , /Y.
i) x,
x, x2, x3
, g, h :
) 0 < x < 1 ) x > 1 .
ii)
.
i) :
) 0 < x < 1 h( x) x 3 , g ( x) x 2 ,
f ( x) x ( x) x .
x3 < x2 < x < x 0 < x < 1 .
) x > 1 ( x) x , f ( x) x ,
g ( x) x 2 h( x) x 3 .

x <x < x2 < x3 x > 1 .
ii) 0 < x < 1 :

x 3 x 2 x 3 x 2 0 x 2 ( x 1) 0 x2>0 x-1<0
x 2 x x 2 x 0 x( x 1) 0 x>0 x-1<0
x x x 2 x x( x 1) 0 x>0 x-1<0
x3 < x2 < x < x 0 < x < 1 .

x > 1 :
x 3 x 2 x 3 x 2 0 x 2 ( x 1) 0 x2>0 x-1>0
x 2 x x 2 x 0 x( x 1) 0 x>0 x-1>0
x x x 2 x x( x 1) 0 x>0 x-1>0
x <x < x2 < x3 x > 1 .
4. O A .
.
x. y=x2
y=x2.
(x,x2).
To yy
(-x,x2).
()=2x.
(x1,y1) (x2,y2)
: (x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2 .
:
O ( x 0) 2 ( x 2 0) 2 x 2 x 2
x2 x4
OB ( x 0) 2 ( x 2 0) 2 x 2 x 2
x2 x4
==.
:
AB OA 2 x x 2 x 4 4 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 4 3x 2 0 x 2 ( x 2 3) 0
x 0 x 2 3 0 ( x 3 )( x 3 ) 0 ( x 3 x 3 )
H x=0 .
x 3 x>0
.
x 3 .
7.3 f(x) x 2 x

1. i) (x) = 2x2 - 4x + 5 (x) = (x - p)2 + q

g(x) = 2x2
.
ii) (x) = -2x2 + 8x - 9, g
g(x) = -2x2.
i) :
f(x) 2x 2 4 x 5 2x 2 4 x 2 3 2(x 2 2 x 1) 3 2( x 1) 2 3
f
g(x) 2x 2 .
3 .
ii) :
f(x) 2x 2 8x 9 2x 2 8x 8 1 2(x 2 4 x 2 2 ) 1 2( x 2) 2 1
f
g(x) 2x 2 . 2
1 .
2. :
) (x) = 2x2 - 6x + 3 ) g(x) = -3x2 - 5x + 2.
) (x) = 2x2 - 6x + 3 ( =2, =-6,=3) =2>0,
6 6 3
x
.
f(- )
2
22 4 2
2
4
: 2 4 (6) 2 4 2 3 36 24 12
10
f(-
6 6 3

2
22 4 2
12
12
3
)

2
4
42
8
2
) g(x) = -3x2 - 5x + 2 ( =-3, = -5,=2) = -3<0,
5
5
x
.
f(- )
2
4
2
2 (3)
6
: 2 4 (5) 2 4 (3) 2 25 24 49
f(-
5
5
2
2 (3)
6
49
49
)
2
4
4 (3) 12
3.
) (x) = 2x2 + 4x +1 ) g(x) = -2x2 + 8x - 9.
) : (x) =2x2 +4x +1( =2,

=4,=1):
(,
[
>0
] (,1]
2
,) [1,)
2
1
2
22
f(-1) 2(1) 2 4(1) 1 2 4 1 1

y'y
(0, 1) , f(0) 2(0) 2 4(0) 1 1 ,
x'x :
2 4 4 2 4 2 1 16 8 8
Y 2x2 +4x +1( =2,

=4,=1):
11
x1
4 8 42 2 2 2
2
22
4
2
x2
4 8 42 2 2 2
2
22
4
2
y = 2x2 +4x +1 x'x ,

(
2 2
2 2
,0) (
,0).
2
2
) : g(x) = -2x2 + 8x - 9 ( =-2,

=8,=-9):
(,
[
<0
] (,2]
2
,) [2,)
2
2
2
2 (2)
g(2 ) 2(2) 2 8(2) 9 8 16 9 1

g y'y
(0, -9) , g(0 ) 2(0) 2 8(0) 9 9 ,
x'x :
2 4 82 4 (2) (9) 64 72 8
< 0, .
x'x.
:
12
4. ,
y = x2 + x + .

.
>0 y = x2 + x +
, <0 .
f1, f3 f6,
f2, f4, f5 f7 .
13
y = x2 + x +
yy. f1 f5,
f2, f3, f6 f7 . f4 .
y = x2 + x +
xk
2 x k . .
2
f1 >0 xk =0 =0.
f2 <0 xk >0 >0.
f3 >0 xk >0 <0.
f4 <0 xk >0 >0.
f5 <0 xk >0 >0.
f6 >0 xk <0 >0.
f7 <0 xk <0 <0.

1. y = x2 + (k +1)x + k . k,
:
i.
ii.
iii.
x' x.
y'y .
-4.
;
i) y = x2 + (k +1)x + k xx
(=0).
:
14
2 4 (k 1) 2 4 1 k k 2 2k 1 4k k 2 2k 1 (k 1) 2
=0 .
0 (k 1) 2 0 k 1
ii) y = x2 + (k +1)x + k yy
yy :
xk 0
k 1
0
0 k 1
2
2
iii)
f(-
k 1
k 1 2
k 1
) () (k 1)()k
2
2
2
f(-
k 1
k 1
2
2 1
2
k 1
) 4 . :
2
(k 1) 2 (k 1) 2
k 1
k 1 2
k 1
) 4 () (k 1)() k 4
k 4
2
2
2
4
2
(k 1) 2 2(k 1) 2 4k 16 0 (k 1) 2 4k 16 0 k 2 2k 1 4k 16 0
f(-
k 2 2k 15 0
:
2 4 (2) 2 4 1 (15) 4 60 64
Y k2 -2k -15( =1, =-2,=-15):
k1
(2) 64 2 8 10
5
2
2 1
2
2
k2
(2) 64 2 8 6
3
2
2 1
2
2
k=5 x
k=-3 x
k 1
5 1
3
2
2
k 1
3 1
1.
2
2
15
2. (x) =
x2 + x + . :
i.
ii.
iii.
.

, = 6.
i) <0.
ii) xx (1,0) (5,0)
>0.
iii) 1 5 :
(x) = (x-1)(x-5)= x2 -5x- x + 6= x2 -6x+ 5 =x2 + x + .
=6.
:
6 6 6 1
5 5
: (x) = -x2 +6x -5.
3. x,y ,
20
i.
ii.
y x
= (x) E x.
x = 5
.
16
i) H 2(x y) .
=20.
:
20 2(x y) 20 x y 10 y 10 - x (1)
:
(1)
E x y x (10 x) 10 x x 2
:
f ( x) x 2 10 x 0<x<10
ii) f(x).
10
x
5
2
2 (1)
f(5) (5) 2 10 5 25 50 25
x=5 y=10-x=10-5=5 x=y=5
.
4. = 6cm.
.
;
x . ()=()-()=6-x.
===x
===6-x
.

.

.
17
x2
x
2
x x
4
2
2
4x 2 x 2 3x 2
3x 2
x 3

4
4
4
2
(6 - x)
6 x
2
B B (6 x)
x
4
2
2
4(6 x) 2 (6 x) 2 3(6 x) 2
3(6 x) 2
(6 x ) 3
E
E
4
4
4
2
:

AM 1 x x 3 x 2 3

2
2
2
4
M 1 (6 - x) (6 x) 3 (6 x) 2 3

2
2
2
4
E E
x 2 3 (x - 6) 2 3
3 2
3
( x x 2 12 x 36)
(2x 2 12 x 36)
4
4
4
4
3 2
( x 6 x 18)
2
:
3 2
( x 6 x 18) 0<x<6
2
x
f ( x) x 2 6 x 18 . >0
3
x
2
2 1
18
AM=x=3 =6-x=3
.
5. 200m
x y,
. x y
;
:
2 x 2 x 3 y 200 4 x 3 y 200 3 y 200 4 x y
200 4 x
(1)
3
:
(1)
E 2 xy 2 x(
200 4 x
400 x 8 x 2
)
3
3
8 x 2 400 x
E ( x)
=-8/3<0
3

x
400
400
25
2
2 (8) 16
x=25 (1) :
y
200 4 x 200 4 25 200 100 100
3
3
3
3
19

. ,
, .
1. y = x2, 0 A(1,2),
3 4 .
H y = x2 A(1,2)
. :
y ax 2 2 a 12 a 2
=2>0 "" 1 2
. .
2. (x) = x2 + x + , 0 x1 = -1 x2
= 3 , x = 1.
x2 + x + x1 = -1 x2 = 3, :
x1 x 2
1 3 2 2a (1)
(x) = x2 + x +
: x
(2).
2
(1) (2) :
x
2a
1
2
2a
3. , * y = x2 y
20
y = x2 ,
"" ( 1 2 ),
, "" ( 3
4 ).
y
,
x
1 3 , ,
2 4 .
:
( 1 )
( 2 )
( 3 )
( 4 )
y = x2 y
.
.
4. H y
1
y = -x .
x
1
y = -x
x
. :
1
x 1 x 2 x 2 1 0
x

.
.
21
.
.
1. (x) = 2x2 + x + x1 = -1 x2 = 3 ,
:
(-5) 0 , (1) 0, (5) 0, 0, -4.
2x2 + x + ( =2) x1 = -1 x2 =
3, :
x1 x 2
x1 x 2
1 3 2 2a 2 2 4
x 1 x 2 (1) 3 2 6
: (x) = 2x2 - 4x 6. :
(-5) =2(-5)2 4(-5) 6=50+20-6=64 > 0
(1)= 2(1)2 4(1) 6=2-4-6=-8< 0
(5) =2(5)2 4(5) 6=50-20-6=24 > 0
= -6 < 0
= -4 <0
2. (x) = -x2 + x + x1 = -3 x2 = 1 ,
:
(-5) 0, (-2) 0 , (5) 0, 0, -2.
2x2 + x + ( = -1) x1 = -1 x2 =
3, :
x1 x 2
x1 x 2
1 3 2 2a 2 (1) 2
x 1 x 2 (1) 3 (1) 3
22
: (x) = -x2 + 2x + 3. :
(-5) =-(-5)2 + 2(-5) + 3= -25-10+3= -32 <0
(-2) = -(-2)2 + 2(-2) + 3= -4-4+3= 3 >0
(5) =-(5)2 + 2(5) + 3= -25+10+3= -12 <0
=3>0
= 2 > 0
. (x) = x2 + x + , 0.
:
1. = 2 (1, -3),
) f ( x) 2( x 1) 2 3
) f ( x) 2( x 1) 2 3
) f ( x) 2( x 1) 2 3
) f ( x) 2( x 1) 2 3
(1, -3),
y = x 2,
, .
f(x) : f ( x) 2( x 1) 2 3 .
.
2. (1) < 0, (3) > 0 (5) < 0,

) =0 >0
) >0 >0
) >0 <0.
f
x2 + x + x1 x2 >0.
(1,3)
(3,5).
<0.
.
23
3. (1,2) >0 , :
) >0
)=0
)<0
) <0
>0 .
(1,2)
x'x <0.
.
4. (1,0),
) =0
) <0
) >0
) =0
(1,0),
x'x (1,0) =0.
.
IV. C1, C2, C3 C4

1(x) = x2 - 4x + y1, 2(x) = 2x2 - 8x + y2, 3(x) = -x2 - 4x + y3
4(x) = -2x2 - 8x + y4, .
.
24
1(x) = x2 - 4x + y1 =1>0 .
2(x) = 2x2 - 8x + y2 =2>0.
C2 C4.
f1 =1 f2 =2.
.
C4. 1
C2 2 C4.
3(x) = -x2 - 4x + y3 = -1<0 .
4(x) = -2x2 - 8x + y4 = -2<0.
C1 C3.
f3 = -1 f4 = -2.
.
C3. 3 C1
4 C3.
:
f1
C2
f2
C4
f3
C1
f4
C3
25

Κεφάλαιο 7- Μελέτη Βασικών Συναρτήσεων

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sciencephysics4all.weebly.

f (x) 0,5x 2 2 g (x) 0,5x 2 3

ii) (x) 0,5x 2 , h(x) 0,5x 2 2 q(x) 0,5x 2 3

ii) H (x) 0,5x 2

f (x) 0,5(x - 2) 2 g (x) 0,5(x 2) 2

ii) (x) 0,5x 2 , h(x) 0,5(x - 2) 2 q(x) 0,5(x 2) 2

ii) H (x) 0,5x 2

x <x < x2 < x3 x > 1 .

ii) 0 < x < 1 :

x3 < x2 < x < x 0 < x < 1 .

x <x < x2 < x3 x > 1 .

) (x) = 2x2 - 6x + 3 ( =2, =-6,=3) =2>0,

) g(x) = -3x2 - 5x + 2 ( =-3, = -5,=2) = -3<0,

) : (x) =2x2 +4x +1( =2,

f(-1) 2(1) 2 4(1) 1 2 4 1 1

Y 2x2 +4x +1( =2,

y = 2x2 +4x +1 x'x ,

) : g(x) = -2x2 + 8x - 9 ( =-2,

g(2 ) 2(2) 2 8(2) 9 8 16 9 1

f2 <0 xk >0 >0.

f3 >0 xk >0 <0.

f4 <0 xk >0 >0.

f5 <0 xk >0 >0.

f6 >0 xk <0 >0.

f7 <0 xk <0 <0.

Y k2 -2k -15( =1, =-2,=-15):

200 4 x 200 4 25 200 100 100

2. (1) < 0, (3) > 0 (5) < 0,

IV. C1, C2, C3 C4

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