4.

2 y=x2+x+ ,0

4. 2

337

y=x2+x+ ME 0

y = x 2 + x +
0.

y = x2+x+ > 0
y = x2 + x + 0
:


2

,
, = 4
4
2

x =
.
2
> 0, y = x2 + x +

, x =
y=
4
2
< 0, y = x2 + x +

, x =
y=
4
2

y

f(x) = 2x2+4x+1


= 2>0
= -1<0.
-1
x
x = -1
(-1,-1)
-3 x = 1.
(1,-3)


g(x) = (-x2+2x)-4
x = -1
x = 1.
(-1,-1)
(1,-3).
8

-5

-2

-4

-6

-8

10

338

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

1. y = x 2 2 x 3.

.
)


) ..
y = , x =
) x
x , y
y .

) (1, 4)
x = 1 .
) y = 4 x = 1.
) x x (1,0) ,
(3,0) y y (0, 3).
2. . y = 4 x 2 + 2 :
i)
. ( 4, 2)
. (0 , 4)
. ( 0 , 2)
. (2 , 0 )
ii )
. x = 2
. y = 0
. x = 0
. y = 2

i ) (0,2), .
ii ) x = 0 , .
3. (),
(), :
) y = 2 x 2 5 x + 4 .
) y = x 2 x + 2 yy A(0 , 2).
) y y y = 3x 2 7.
) y = ( x +1) 2 xx.
) y = x 2 + 2 yy.

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

339

) () , y = 2 x 2 5 x + 4 =-2<0.
) (), x=0 y=02-0+2=2 .

0
) (), x =
= =0
2
6
(=3,=0)

2 0
) (), ( , ) = , = ( 1,0 )
2 4 2 4
2
xx . (x + 1) = x 2 + 2 x + 1 (=1,=2,=1 =0)

0 8
) (), (
,
) = ,
= (0,2 ) 2 4
4
2
yy . y = x 2 + 2 (=1,=0,=2 =-8).
4. .
.

1. y = (x + 1)2

2. y = x

3. y = x

+1

y = (x 1)2

340

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

5. y = x 2 + x + < 0 .
x
2 1 0
1
2
3
4
y

.
)
) y = .. , x = ..
) x x
, . y y .

) x = 1 (1,4)
) y = 4 , x = 1
) x x
(1,0) , (3,0) y y (0,3).
.

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

341

-
1

) y = x 2 +2 x 3
) y = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 6

) y = x 2 +2x-3 y = x2 + x +
2

= 1 , = 2 = -3 ,
= 1
=
2
2 1
2 2 4 1 ( 3)
16

= = 4 .

=
4
4
4 1

(-1, -4) x = -1.

.
x 1 0
1
2
3 4
y
-4 -3
0
5 12 21
8

y = x 2 +2 x 3
(-1, -4)
x=-1.

y=x2+2x-3

x
-5

10

-2

-4

(-1,-4)
-6

-8

) y = -2x 2 +4x+6 y = x2 + x +
4

= -2 , = 4 = 6 ,
=
= 1
2
2 (2)

4 2 4 ( 2 ) 6
16 + 48
=
=
= 8.
4
4 ( 2)
8

(1, 8) x = 1.

342

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

.
x 1 0
1
2
3 4
y
0 6
8
6
0 -10
y
8

(1,8)
y=-2x2+4x+6

y = -2x 2 +4 x +6
(1, 8)
x=1.

x
-5

(0,0)

-2

-4

-6

-8

...
) y = 3x 2 12 x +11 ) y = 4 x 2 8 x +1 ) y = 2( x 6) 2 + 7.

) y = 3x 2 12 x + 11 = 3>0
2 4

( 12)2 4 3 11 = 144 132 = 12 = 1

ymin=
=
=
4
4
43
12
12
) y = 4 x 2 8 x +1 = 4<0
2
(
2 4

8) 4 (4) 1
64 + 16
80
ymax=
=
=
=
=
=5
4
4
4 ( 4)
16
16
) :
y = 2 ( x 6) 2 + 7
y = 2 ( x2 12x+3 6) + 7 y = 2 x2 +24x 72 + 7
y = 2 x2 +24x 65
y = 2 x2 +24x 65 = 2<0
24 2 4 (2) ( 65)
576 520
56

2 4
=
=
=7
ymax=
=
=
4 ( 2 )
8
8
4
4

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

343

y = x 2 +2x
4 x 2 x x 2 +2x = 3.

y = x 2 +2x y = x2 + x +
2

= 1 , = 2 = 0 ,
= 1
=
2
2 1
2 2 4 1 0
4

= = 1 .

=
4
4
4 1

(-1, -1) x = -1.

.
x -4 -3 -2 1 0
1
2
y
8
3
0
-1 0
3
8
8

y = x 2 +2 x
(-1, -1)
x=-1.

x
K(-1,-1)

+2x = 3

y=x2+2x y=3 .

y=3
-3,1
(-3,3) (1,3),
3
-3,1

y=x2+2x

-5

O(0,0)

-2

y=x2+2x

y=3
x

-5

-3
1
K(-1,-1) O(0,0)
-2

344

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

y = x 2 2 x + 2
x 2 + 2 > 2 x x .

y = x 2 -2x+2 y = x2 + x +
2

= 1 , = -2 = 2 ,
= 1
=
2
2 1
( 2) 2 4 1 2
4

=
=
= 1.
4
4 1
4

(1, 1) x = 1.

.
x -3 -2 1 0
1
2 3
y
17 10 5
2
1
2 5


y = x 2 -2 x+2

(1, 1)
x=1.
y
( xx) ,
y>0 x 2 -2 x+2 >0 x2+2>2x

y=x2-2x+2

(1,1)
(0,0)

x
5

10

-2

y = x 2 + 3 x + .
) ( 1 , 6 ) ;
) = 2 ,
4 x 1 .

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

345

y = x 2 +3 x + . :
6 = 12 +31+ 6 = 1+3+ 6 = 4 + = 6 4 = 2
) =2 y = x 2 + 3 x + 2
y = x2 + x + = 1 , = 3 = 2 ,
3

3
32 4 1 2
1

=
=
=
= .
2
2 1
2
4
4
4 1

3
3 1
, x = .
2
2 4

.
x -4 -3 -2 1 0
1
y
6
2
0
0
2
6


y = x 2 +3 x+2

3 1
,
2 4
3
x = .
2
xx
(-2,0) (-1,0)
yy (0,2).

y
y=x2+3x+2

(0,2)

(0,0)
(-2,0) (-1,0)

-5

3 1
(- ,- )
2 4

x
5

-2

-4

y = x 2 6 x + 5. , ,
, .

y = x 2 -6x+5 y = x2 + x +
6

= 1 , = -6 = 5 ,
= 3
=
2
2 1
( 6 ) 2 4 1 5
16

= = 4 .

=
4
4
4 1

346

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

(3, -4) x = 3.

.
x -3 -2 1 0
1
2 3
y
32 21 12 5
0
-3 -4



y = x 2 6 x + 5
(1,0)
(5,0) xx
(0,5) yy.

:

y
y=x2-6x+5

(0,5)

(0,0)

x
A(1,0)

-5

(5,0)

10

-2

-4

(3,-4)
-6

E =

1
1
20
. = 4.5 =
= 10 .
2
2
2

, y = x 2 + x +
x = 4 y = 7.

4 ,
= 4 = 8 2 1
: y = x 2 8 x + .

x =

7 :
42 84 + = 7 16 32 + = 7 16+ = 7 = 9.

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

347

,

10 m 40 m .
)
1 2
y =
x + x 0 x 40.
40

)
,


;

) y = x2 + x + . (0,0), (20,10)
(40,0) :
0=.02+.0+ =0 (1)
10=.202+.20+ 10=400+20 40 +2=1 (2)
0=.402+.40+ 1600 +40=0 40 +=0 (3)
(2) (3) :
40 + = 0
= -40
= -40

40 + 2 = 1 40 + 2(- 40 ) = 1 40 - 80 = 1

1
1
= -40 = -40. -
= -40

40 =

40
1

1
- 40 = 1 = = 1
40 =

40

:
1
y = x 2 + x + = x 2 + x 0 x 40.
40
) , 1
900
y = .30 2 + 30 =
+ 30 = 22,5 + 30 = 7,5 m
40
40
(30,7,5)
x=20 10 (10,7,5)

348

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

y =

1
100
.10 2 + 10 =
+ 10 = 7,5 .
40
40

1. 9 y 2 = 4 x 4
xx ,
.

2

9y = 4x4 9y2 4x4 =0
1
2
2 2
(3y) (2x ) = 0
(1)
(3y +2x2)( 3y 2x2) = 0 (1)

2 2

2
3y + 2x = 0 y = 3 x (2)

2
3y 2x 2 = 0 y = + x 2 (3)
3

, (2) (3).

.

xx .

2. , y = (2 1) x 2
y = (1 42 ) x 2
xx .

,
, xx,
x2 . :
(1 42 ) = 2 1 42 1 2 + 1 = 0 42 2 = 0 2(21) = 0 .

2(21) :
2 = 0 = 0

2 1 = 0 = 1

2
3.
y = x2 , y = 2 x 3 .

(0,0)

y=2x-3

-5

(1,-1)
-2

y=-x2
-4

-6

-8

(-3,-9)
10

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

349

, ,

. :
y = x 2 y = x 2
y = x 2

y = 2x 3 2x 3 = x 2 x 2 + 2x 3 = 0
x 2 + 2x 3 = 0
= 2 2 4 1 ( 3) = 4 + 12 = 16.

2 + 16 2 + 4 2
=
= =1
x =

2
1
2
2

x = 2 16 = 2 4 = 6 = 3

2 1
2
2
x 1
: x = 1 y = 1

.

x y

.

(1 , 1)
x = 3 y = (3) 2 = 9
(3 , 9)

4.
(2 , 3) yy (0 , 5).

y = x2 + x + .
yy (0,5)
x = 0 y = 5. 5 = 02 + 0 +
= 5 : y = x2 + x +5.
:
3 = 22 + 2 +5 4 +2 = 8 (1)
x

= 2 = 4 (2)
2
2
(1) (2)

350

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

4 + 2 = 8
4 + 2 ( 4 ) = 8

.
= 4

= 4

1
4 = 8
4 8 = 8

= 2 = 8 .

= 4
= 4
y = 2x2 - 8x +5
8

2
=

=
=2

4
= 4 2 = 8
= 4
5.
10 cm.
) N y
1
= x y = x 2 + 5x 0
2
< x < 10.
) .
) N ,
.

) x 10 cm 10 x.

.
1
1
y = x (10 x ) y = x 2 + 5x .
2
2

12

K(5, 12,5)

10

1 2
y = x + 5x
2
0 < x < 10.

1
y=- x2+5x
2

x
O(0,0)

A(10,0)

10

15

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

351

) x
5

5
x =
=
=
=5
1
2
1
2( )
2
= x = 5 = 10 5 = 5
.
6. , 6
m 3 m .
.
,
;

x y :
y = (6-x)(3+x) y = 18+ 6x - 3x x2 y = x2 +3x +18.

3
3
x =
=
=
= 1,5 m
2
2 (1)
2
7. = 10 cm

. , ;

x
10cmx.

352

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

y = x2 +
(10 x)2
y = x2 + 100 20x +x2 y = 2x2 20x +100.
x
20
x =
=
= 5.
2
22
.
8.
6 m

8
m .
6 m
, :
) N

1
y = x 2 + 2 x + 6 , 0 x 6.
2
)
, 6 m
.

)
y = x2 + x + .
yy (0,6)
x = 0 y = 6. 6 = 02 + 0 +
= 6 : y = x2 + x +6.
:
8 = 22 + 2 +6 4 +2 = 2 (1)
x

= 2 = 4 (2)
2
2
(1) (2)

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

4 + 2 = 2
4 + 2 ( 4 ) = 2

= 4
= 4

4 8 = 2
4 = 2

= 4
= 4
1

=
2
1

=
=
2

4
2
1
= 4
= 4 = 2

353

.

1
=

1
2

= 2 .

y =

1 2
x + 2x +6
2

) 6m x : 6 =

1 2
x + 2x +6
2

1 2
1
x + 2x = 0 2( x2 + 2x) = 0 x2 4x = 0 x(x 4) = 0
2
2
x = 0
x 4 = 0 x = 4.
4m

9. = 16 m
0 = 6 m .
)

3
, y = x 2 + 6 ,
32
8 x 8.
)
, 3,2 m
.

)
yy y = x2 + .
x = 0 y = 6 6 = 02 + = 6 , y = x2 + 6.

354

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

x = 8 ( ) 6
3
, :0 = 82 +6 6 = 64 =
.
=
64
32
3
y = x 2 + 6 . 32
x 8 x 8
) 3,2 m 3,2
x =
= 1,6 m ,
2
3
y = .1,6 2 + 6 = 0,24 + 6 = 5,76 m
32

1:
. ;
. 4x+3y=12
i) N .
ii) xx
yy.
iii) .
iv) .
2:
. ;
. i) N y =

5 x 5 .

1 2
x
20

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

355

ii) , xx

1:
. i) ;
ii) y=x2 ;
. :
1
2
i) y = 3x 1 ii) y=- x 2 iii) y= iv) y=x 2 5x + 6 .
2
x

2:
. i) ;
ii) ;
.
10 cm.
x

356

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

: 4 -:................
:....................... :...............

1. ................. ..........
x .... ...... y.
2. f .. ...... ... ...... (x,
f(x)) .
3. y=x ........ ..... .......... .
4. y=x+
, ............. y=x.
5. y= ........... , ...........
xx (... , ...).
6. y= ........... , ...........
yy (... , ...).
7. H
............ , .......... .

 4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

357

8. y =

.............

............
. ............. .

1. ;
y =5

y =2x

y = 3x +1

x =5

2. f(2) ;

5x 2 + 2x +1
.
x 1
2
25

f ( x) =

14
0
3.

;
y =2x

y = 3x

y =4x

y = 2x +1

4. y=2x+3.
(0,3)
(1,5)
(3,8)
(4,11)
5. .
y =0,5x
y = 1 2x 4
y =2x
y = 1 2x + 2
6. .
y = 3 4x
y =2x 2
y = x 2
y = 2x 2

: 4
-

.
.

1. y = x2 y = 0 x = 0
2
2. y = -x xx

3. y = 3x+5

y = 3x.
4. y =

4
x

1 3 .
2

5. y = 3x +2x+1 ,

358

4.2 y=x2+x+ ,0

1. y = x ,>0

x
y

2. y = x ,<0

x
y

3. y = x+ ,>0 , >0

x
y

4. y = ,>0

-/

O
x

x
y