RECO2006 Construction IV

Shoring

Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
January 2007

Learning Objectives
• What is shoring
• Why shoring
• Types of shoring

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 What is shoring?
• Shoring (from "shore," a prop) is an operation
connected with building. It is often necessary
before actual building is begun to support
adjoining premises while the work of excavating
for underground apartments is being carried out.

• The art of shoring comprises the temporary

support of buildings, and may become
necessary because of the failure or settlement of
some portion of the structure or for the purpose
of upholding the upper portion while alterations
are being made in the lower.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring Propping = Bracing = Retaining Wall = Shoring?

Shoring Materials
• There are several different forms of shoring, each
adapted to suit peculiar circumstances.

• Much of the shoring for ordinary cases is done with

heavy, roughly sawn timbers strongly braced together,
but for especially heavy work steel members may be
introduced and prove of great value.

• There is the trouble in connection with their use,

however, that connections between steel members are
not made with the same facility as between pieces of
timber.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring

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 Types of Shoring
• The most general shoring is the raking shore.
– It consists of one or more timbers sloping from the face of the
structure to be supported and bedded upon the ground.
– As the ground is usually of a more or less yielding nature, a stout
timber plate termed a sole-piece, of sufficient area to withstand
being driven into the soil, is placed to receive the base of the
raking timber or timbers.
– A wall-plate, with the object of increasing the area of support, is
fixed to the face of the wall by means of hooks driven into the
wall.
– Where space is available, an angle of 60° is the best to adopt for
the main shore, the auxiliary members ranging in their slope
from 45° to 75°.
– In many cases, especially in towns, the angle of slope is
governed by outside influences such as the width of the footway.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoring

Types of Shoring (Cont’d)

• Flying Shores
In some situations, the close
proximity of existing buildings,
or the need to maintain access,
may prevent the use of raking
shores. In these situations, a
flying shore may be effective.
• This relies on transmitting loads
to the adjacent structures, for
which obviously the owner's
permission will be necessary.
• The existing building to be used
for support should also be
carefully inspected for its
adequacy to carry additional
loads.

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 Types of Shoring (Cont’d)
• Deed or Needle Shoring
Dead or needle shoring, often
more simply referred to as
propping, is used for supporting
existing walls, floors and
roofing whilst works are carried
out to form openings or remove
walls at lower level.
• Steel or timber uprights are
provided to support loads from
a structure, normally in
association with wedges or
head and sole plates to
distribute stresses over larger
areas.

Type of Shoring (Cont’d)

• Sheet Piling
– For a continuous
support of soil
against collapse

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 Examples of Sheet Piling

Sheet piling works at Fanling WSD Reserved Area for the construction of
noise barrier foundation
http://www.hyd.gov.hk/contractwebsites/fhnb/HY200320_FILES/PHOTO0501.HTM

Type of Shoring (Cont’d)

• Diaphragm Wall
• Cofferdam

• Are these shoring?

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Example of Propping - Source: http://www.sciglobal.com/falsework/20KPostShore.html

Source: http://www.sciglobal.com/falsework/20KPostShore.html

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Hyd Shoring Guidelines

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 Diaphragm Wall – shoring?
• Diaphragm wall can be made of reinforced concrete to
provide structural load-bearing elements for temporary or
permanent retaining walls or both.

• Cofferdam is a temporary structure built to exclude earth

and water from construction area and thus permit the
work inside the cofferdam to be carried out in the dry.

• Retaining wall is …

• Refer to course materials on civil works

Cofferdam in IFC2

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 References
• PNAP 142, 166 – Retaining Walls
• Building (Construction) Regulations, (Cap.
123), Laws of Hong Kong
• HD (2003) Guide to Trench Excavation
(Shoring Support and Drainage
Measures), Highways Department, H

The End
For enquiries, please send email to
Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
The University of Hong Kong

ecyyiu@hkucc.hku.hk