TRANSFORMATIONS

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MAS IZWATU SOLEHAH BINTI MISWAN MP 121310 NURUL AIN BINTI JOHARI MP 131040

INTRODUCTION
REFLECTION CONGRUENCE TRANSLATION

TRANSFORMATION

SIMILARITY ROTATION

ENLARGEMENT

TRANSFORMATION
In mathematics, a transformation could be any function mapping a set X on to another set or on to itself In geometry, a transformation changes the position of a shape on a coordinate plane. It means that a shape is moving from one place to another.

TRANSLATION
Translation moves a shape by sliding it up, down, sideways or diagonally, without turning it or making it bigger or smaller.

REFLECTION
Reflection in a line produces a mirror image in which corresponding points on the original shape and the mirror image are always the same distance from the mirror line.

ROTATION
Rotation turns a shape through a clockwise or anti-clockwise angle about a fixed point known as the Centre of Rotation. All lines in the shape rotate through the same angle.

SIMILARITY
Similar figures have the same shape but different in sizes. Shape can be resizing by using rotation, reflection or translation.

CONGRUENCE
Transformation that is invariant with respect to distance. That is, the distance between any two points in the pre-image must be the same as the distance between the images. The shape and the
size must be exactly same. of

the two points

ENLARGEMENT
Increasing the size of a shape by a scale factor from a particular point, which is called the centre of enlargement.

HISTORY OF TRANFORMATIONAL GEOMETRY

During the 17th century, Ren Descartes (15961650), a French mathematician and philosopher, introduce the use of the Cartesian coordinate system. That is, every point of a curve is given two numbers that represent its location in a plane . This new coordinate system helped to show that there was a link between geometry and algebra, starting with a geometric shape or curve and assigning an ordered pair to each point so algebraic techniques could be assigned to the figure. Pierre de Fermat (16011665), a French jurist, proposed a system of analytical geometry similar to the one noted by Descartes. Fermats system used a more direct approach and is more similar to the system currently used. Fermat and Descartes are both credited with independently developing the ideas of analytical geometry.

Felix Klein (18491925), a German geometer, showed the importance of groups in geometry. This new idea allowed Klein to unify geometry. Kleins address in Erlanger, Germany proposed that the study of geometry should be defined as the study of transformations that leave objects invariant (unchanged). His 1872 Erlanger Program, classifying geometries by their underlying symmetry groups, was a hugely influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the day.

Rene Descarte

Pierre de Fermat

Felix Klein

NATURAL PHENOMENA

Reflection

Reflection

Reflection

affective, and psychomotor

Rotation

16

Translation

Enlargement

POTENTIAL
Art Engineering Architecture Medical Advertising Astronomy and Meteorology Business Education

ART
Tesselation -A tessellation is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. Tessellations were used in Ancient Rome and in Islamic art such as in the decorative tiling of the Alhambra palace.

Decorative at AlHambra

Work by Maurit Cornellis Escher

ENGINEERING

EYE ON MALAYSIA

ARCHITECTURE

MEDICAL

WHEEL CHAIR

DENTAL MIRROR

ASTRONOMY AND METEOROLOGY

THEODOLITE

ANEMOMETER

ADVERTISING /COMMERCIAL

MUSIC

SOUND MACHINES

BUSINESS (FOOD , TEXTILE )

EDUCATION

MICROSCOPE

BRAILLE

NO LIMITATION

ANALISIS BUKU TEKS

BUKU TEKS: MATHEMATICS FORM 5 First Published 2006 Maxporia Sendirian Berhad

Ciri-ciri Buku teks di Malaysia:

1. Berdasarkan kurikulum Matematik. 2. Sejarah perkembangan dan penemuan mengikut pelbagai tamadun. 3. Mempunyai bahan rangsangan tertentu. 4. Pelbagai bentuk latihan. 5. Nota ringkas. 6. Aktiviti pengukuhan. (Noraini Idris, 2001)

BUKU TEKS: MATHEMATICS FORM 5

CHAPTER 3: TRANSFORMATION III

KEKUATAN:
1. Mengaitkan konsep lain seperti tesellation, molecular structure dan konsep simetri yang mempunyai hubungan dengan konsep transformation.

KEKUATAN:
2. Memberikan contoh penyelesaian masalah berdasarkan konsep Polya.

KELEMAHAN:

1. Tiada sejarah penemuan .

KELEMAHAN:
2. Penyelesaian Masalah mudah dan ringkas. Kurang elemen KBAT.

KELEMAHAN:
3. Tiada bahan rangsangan yang menarik. 4. Rajah kurang jelas dan kurang mengaitkan dengan kehidupan harian.

CADANGAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN:
1. Memasukkan sejarah penemuan berkaitan tajuk. 2. Mempelbagaikan lagi aktiviti dengan memasukkan aktiviti menggunakan kalkulator grafik, origami dan aktiviti simulasi. 3. Elemen KBAT dalam soalan soalan latihan dan pengukuhan.