SECURITY COUNCIL

Topic: Somalian Crisis

Calcutta Girls' High School
USA

Somalia is a country torn apart by civil war that is ongoing since 1991. Somalia has been in
turmoil since the overthrowing of former president Siad Barre in 1991,when the country lost an
effective central government.The transitional government of Somalia was created in 2004 . It
has been a power struggle with Islamic militants since then.The conflict has caused
destabilization and instability throughout the country,with the current phase of the conflict
seeing the Somali government losing substancial control of the state to the rebel forces.Piracy
off the Somali coast has been a threat to international shipping being situated at such a vital
connecting route .
The U.S. provided about $177 million in aid to Somalia. Officials say there are now plans to
provide less than $10 million to help build the security forces, including the delivery of about
40 tons of arms. U.S. officials are planning to work with Djibouti to help train Somalia's
rudimentary police and military.The U.S. considers al-Shabab a terrorist group with links to al-
Qaida, which al-Shabab denies. The group controls much of Somalia and its fighters operate
openly in the capital.The UN Security Council adopted a resolution on November 2008 that was
proposed by Britain to introduce tougher sanctions against Somalia over the country's failure to
Prevent a surge in sea piracy;the US circulated the draft resolution that called upon countries
having naval capacities to deploy vessels and aircraft to actively fight against piracy in the
region.
My country beleives that we can only bring law and order by establising a central government
which possesses total power over the nation,and it is the only way to save further harm to the
innocent citizens.The country is shaken by violence and is inefficient in controlling itself so it is
upon the countries to provide aid and save it from further demolition.We will support the
government to build a stable democracy and bring in some decorem in the state..Somali being
situated at such a crucial sea-route, the piracy must be stopped and conscious efforts should
be taken for the cause.

Don Bosco Liluah

Somalia

Somalia has yielded some of humanity’s oldest traces and is called ‘The Horn of Africa’.
The “very dire" humanitarian crisis in Somalia is the worst in Africa for many years. is one of
great concern for the global community. Years of fighting between rival warlords, famine and
disease have led to the deaths of up to one million people. Somalia was created in 1960 since
then its development has been slow as compared to other developing nations. The 9 million
souls on this land have to struggle to have a morsel of food for themselves. The chronic crises
in Somalia and sub-Saharan Africa in general have been caused by a succession of repressive
regimes and their disastrous domestic policies. Flawed economic and political models have led
to dismal growth in per capita income, falling rates of food production, periodic famines,
systematic disregard of basic liberties, institutionalized corruption, and ongoing civil wars. Now
is the time that the transition to free and prosperous societies will have to thrive in Africa.
Famines have been occurring with depressing regularity in Africa in recent years, and
African economies have been in dismal shape. We thank all the nations who supported us with
the food aids and I hope they will continue to do so. Somalia values its sovereignty and respects
the sovereignty of other nations. Although droughts have played havoc with agricultural
production, the food supply has been far more threatened by never-ending armed conflicts
.The government has been constantly been striving and never giving up in its attempt to
restore peace. It is true that external factors, including the colonial legacy, the Cold War, and
other foreign meddling in African affairs, have played a role in creating the region's problems.
Somalia has had strained relations with its neighbours in the past. The policy of territorial
expansion of its neighbours had been a cause of concern also leading to frequent wars and
tension with the loss of life and drain on economy.
The punt land dispute over the territories of Sool, Cyan and Sanaag has caused a lot of
tension in the local environment. The situation became worse in 2006 when Union of Islamic
Courts and the AIAI merged to form the Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC). .Both these
organizations are against the policies of the Transitional federal government of Somalia.The
Islamic Courts Union (ICU) (Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga, Arabic: Ittihād al-
mahākim al-islāmiyya) was a group of Sharia Courts who united themselves to form a rival
administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia, with Sharif Sheikh
Ahmed as head of the ICU. They are also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic
Courts (UIC), Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC)[ or the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts
(SCIC)[2]. Western media often refer to the group as the Somali Islamists. Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
or AIAI (Arabic: Islamic Union) is a defunct Islamist militant group in Somalia with alleged ties
to al-Qaeda. January 2009, Ethiopian troops withdrew from Somalia following a two year
insurgency which led to loss of territory and effectiveness of the Transitional Federal
Government (TFG) and a power sharing deal between Islamists splinter group led by Sheikh
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed's Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia Djibouti faction (ARS-D) and TFG
Prime Minister Nur Hassan in Djibouti.
Piracy in and around Somali waters has also been a subject of International discussion.
Precise data on the current economic situation in Somalia is scarce but with an estimated per
capita GDP of $600 per year, it remains one of the world's poorest countries.[16] Millions of
Somalis depend on food aid and in 2008, according to the World Bank, as much as 73% of the
population lived on a daily income below $2 which has made conditions ripe for piracy . They
have money; they have power and they are getting stronger by the day. There are four main
groups operating off the Somali coast : National Volunteer Coast Guard" (NVCG), The "Marka
group", Puntland Group", The "Somali Marines". The pirates are well armed; their weapons are
predominantly AKM assault rifles, RPG-7 rocket launchers and semi-automatic pistols such as
the TT-30. Somalia wants that the pirates should not have any safe heavens. The pirates do not
represent any religion or cause. Additionally, given the particular origin of their weaponry,
they are likely to have hand grenades such as the RGD-5 or F1. Foreign wastes are dumped in
Somali waters which have had an adverse effect on the fisheries and the biological
environment of Somalia which has also forced some of the fisherman to become pirates.

Somalia promises to encourage and seek cooperation with the world community in any steps it
takes to curb the piracy going on in the gulf of aden and the nearby regions.

Somalia would like to achieve the following goals:

¨Coperation among the African nations to combat common problems social or cultural.
¨Somalia would appreciate assistance without interference.
¨Expansion in industrial growth based on local resources through periodic foreign aids.
¨A unified approach to curb the growth of anti governmental organisations in Somalia.
¨To establish political stability in Somalia.

Somalia has complete faith in the functioning of the UNO and therefore it hopes that
just as UNO has shown its concern on this subject in the past
It will also take suitable steps to combat the adverse keeping in view the current state of
affairs in Somalia and the wellfare of the people of Somalia and the World in general.
Don Bosco Park Circus
Germany

The crisis in Somalia is a blot on the human aspirationsof the 21st century.Long years of civil
and sectarian strife have robbed this land of the wealth it once possessed .The failure of the
UN to establish a secure state in Somalia must be viewed as a failure of the world as a whole.

The rise of sectarian ,religious and otherwise decisive forces all stem from the fact that
economic security is in short supply in the country.The rise of absolutist agendas is thus a
natural result-the attendant issue of piracy and territorial infighting all stem from this. This
situation cannot be alleviated without extensive international support and cooperation in the
region.

The country of Canada had,at the time of writing ,maintained a largely neutral stance on the
issue.Out of natural humanitarian concern over the deterioration of the situation in the region
and the repeated failure of the Somalian goernment in resolving the issue,we would like to
propose that the UN resolve to take firm measures to end the crisis and hereby establish a
unified country.

DPS Newtown
Republic of China

Despite the difficulties encountered in integrating the north and the south, the most important
political issue in postindependence Somali politics was the unification of all areas populated by
Somalis into one country--a concept identified as pan-Somalism, or Greater Somalia. Politicians
assumed that this issue dominated popular opinion and that any government would fall if it did
not demonstrate a militant attitude towards neighboring countries occupying Somali territory.
Somalia refused to acknowledge in particular the validity of the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of
1954, recognizing Ethiopia's claim to the Haud or, in general, the relevance of treaties defining
Somali-Ethiopian borders. Somalia's position was based on three points: first, that the treaties
disregarded agreements made with the clans that had put them under British protection;
second, that the Somalis were not consulted on the terms of the treaties and in fact had not
been informed of their existence; and third, that such treaties violated the self-determination
principle.
Ethiopia, Kenya and China concluded a mutual defence pact in 1964 in response to what both
countries perceived as a continuing threat from Somalia. This pact was renewed in 1980 and
again on August 28, 1987, calling for the coordination of the armed forces of both states in the
event of an attack by Somalia. Most OAU members were alienated by Somali irredentism and
feared that if Somalia were successful in detaching the Somali-populated portions of Kenya and
Ethiopia, the example might inspire their own restive minorities divided by frontiers imposed
during the colonial period. In addition, in making its claims, the Somalis had challenged two of
Africa's leading elder statesmen, President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya and Emperor Haile Selassie
of Ethiopia.
Australia, Bahrain, Britain, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy,
Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, the Seychelles, Spain, Singapore,
South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the U.S. and Yemen have all contributed to the effort to
safeguard international sea trade. Currently that involves 25 warships, scores of surveillance
planes and tens of thousands of sailors. China has also actively taken part as an UN security
council member since 2003 regarding the somalian conflict.

DPS Ruby Park

Ethiopia

Somalia is the only country in the world without a functioning government. Fighting between
Islamic militias and the remnants of a U.N.-backed national government threatens to leave half
a million people stranded and engulf much of the horn of Africa in war. The chronic crises in
Somalia and sub-Saharan Africa in general have been caused by a succession of repressive
regimes and their disastrous domestic policies. Flawed economic and political models have led
to dismal growth in per capita income, falling rates of food production, periodic famines,
systematic disregard of basic liberties, institutionalized corruption, and ongoing civil wars.
Ethiopia as a neighbour of Somalia has good interests of it at heart and would never like its
neighbour to be in a crisis like it is now in. Ethiopia is involved in Somalia and has troops there,
in large part because it views the rise of the Courts as a very dangerous security threat on a
number of levels. One is the prospect of having a radical Islamist movement controlling
Somalia. Ethiopia is country which splits roughly 50-50 between Muslims and Christians and
doesn’t want a radical Islamist movement on its borders. More immediately, the Courts have
made claims to Somali-inhabited territory in eastern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. This is
unacceptable to Ethiopia. As long as the Courts are making these claims, Ethiopia will view
their ascendance to power as a security threat.
Piracy off the Somali coast has been a threat to international shipping since the beginning of
Somalia's civil war in the early 1990s. Since 2005, many international organizations, including
the International Maritime Organization and the World Food Programme, have expressed
concern over the rise in acts of piracy.[2] Piracy has contributed to an increase in shipping
costs and impeded the delivery of food aid shipments. Ethiopia is greatly concerned about this
issue also and suggests some resolutions to improve the situation and reduce the threat.
Regarding the Somaliland-Puntland dispute, the stand of Ethiopia is neutral. Ethiopia has good
economic relations with Somaliland and receives a considerable number of sea imports via the
port of Berbera, north of Hargeysa. At the same time, Ethiopia has backed Puntland militarily
against the advancing UIC militias in mid 2006, and continues to underpin Cabdullahi Yusuf’s
fight for power in Mogadishu. In this sense, the conflict between Somaliland and Puntland is a
conflict between two ‘client states’ of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is not interested in taking sides here
because it does not want any more dispute and bloodshed over this problem and hopes that
peace will be established between them.

SUGGESTED RESOLUTIONS
In the end, we as the delegates of Ethiopia would like to suggest some possible resolutions to
solve the crisis, establish peace in its neighbouring country Somalia and improve its foreign
relations:
Ethiopia feels that the Somalian crisis can only be ended by establishing a proper stabilised
government there, which brings a stop to all the wars which Somalia is involved at present, by
proper mutual understanding. Only then it can work towards bringing peace and stability inside
the country by the joint effort of its own, its neighbours and the U.N.
The fight against piracy must involve efforts on land and not only on seas. The pirates do not
always live in the seas and come ashore to keep their loots. Their tracks have to traced by a
combined effort of all the countries of world and only then a point of eradicating piracy can be
taken up.
Ethiopia is always ready to help its neighbour to the best of its ability. It considers that to
improve the present crisis in Somalia U.N. peacekeepers and other social organisations should
be sent to the country, at least to provide basic necessities to the people like food, shelter
etc., as almost the whole country is in complete chaos at present.

La Martiniere for Girls

Russian Federation

History

The Republic of Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Aden, in Africa, and is bordered by
Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia, the Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden. The region first broke down
when the government headed by political leader Siad Barre was overthrown 1991 following
serious factional fighting, leading to violence and anarchy, although the country had started to
disintegrate from the time British Somaliland was merged with Italian Somaliland. The
instability has continued since then. After the government collapsed, religious institutions took
over, and the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) came to power in 2005, and an Islamist takeover has
been threatening the country since then. Several refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
(IDPs) have also been affected by the border dispute with Ethiopia. Today, the internal conflict
in the country is mainly between the ICU and the United Nations, Ethiopia -backed Transitional
Federal Government (TFG), who is the governing body of the Republic; and the territorial
disputes between the self-proclaimed autonomous regions of Somaliland and Puntland. The
situation in the country has also given rise to piracy in the Gulf of Aden, which not only
threatens international peace and commercial ships, but also prevents humanitarian aid from
reaching the region.

Russian Involvement

The Russian Federation supports efforts of the Transitional Federal Government of the Republic
of Somalia to restore law and order, achieve national compromise and provide for the State’s
sovereignty in Somalia. We continue to provide assistance in support of the Somali peace
process, as we believe that progress and peace will help resolve most aspects of the conflict,
including piracy. Russia believes that all the parties involved in the conflict should take the
initiative to hold a national conference and is willing to provide all its support with regard to
this matter. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation supports the United Nations efforts to plan,
mandate and manage further peace-keeping operations in the region, and commends the
African Union for developing peace and security, and will continue to provide full support to it.
Russia supports the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) and looks to strengthen it and
encourages full deployment of troops. Russia was a co-founder of the Contact Group on Piracy
Off the Coast of Somalia, and believes that due to the devastating effects of piracy, both
internationally and to the country, piracy is an issue which should be tackled by the
international community. While reinforcing the success of international counter-piracy
patrolling missions, we still maintain that the solution to piracy is through the strengthening of
maritime law, promotion of maritime security and shipping and reduction of poverty, ongoing
conflicts and regional instability.

Possible Solutions

The Russian Federation believes that increased support – technical, military and economical –
will help ensure a degree of peace and stability in the country, which will improve poverty,
health conditions, and further progress. Russia also believes that humanitarian crises should be
looked into; border and maritime security, strengthening of state authority in Somalia,
development of legal frameworks, port security improvements, and trafficking in drugs, arms &
persons should be addressed by the international community. The Russian Federation believes
in increasing efforts for a better and more secure Somalia, and look to prevent any further
unrest in the already troubled country; and calls on all other nations to do the same.

Lakshmipat Singhania Academy

United Kingdom

Somalia has been the archetypal failed state since 1991, and over the last few years the
situation has deteriorated into one of the worst humanitarian and security crises the world has
ever witnessed. Despite the Ethiopian military intervention, successive transitional
governments have remained on the brink of collapse, being overtaken by an Islamist insurgency
that has left the country in a perpetual state of insecurity. Some imminent facets of the
Somalian crisis include Piracy off the Somali coast, the Ogaden War, the 1982 Ethiopian-Somali
Border War, and the Somali Civil War.
British Somaliland was proclaimed a British protectorate (i.e. an autonomous territory
diplomatically or militarily protected against third parties by a stronger state) in 1887, and was
bordered by French Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland. Italy briefly occupied British
Somaliland from 1940 to 1941, but British re-occupied it in 1941. In 1950, the neighbouring
Italian Somaliland became an UN trust territory under Italian control and in 1956, it was
renamed Somalia and granted internal autonomy. In 1960, the British and Italian parts of
Somalia merged and became the independent United Republic of Somalia. It adapted the policy
of non-alignment, and received major economic assistance from the US, Italy, Germany, Soviet
Union and China. In 1963, Somalia severed diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom till
1968, since UK supported Kenya’s opposition to self-determination by Somali inhabitants of its
Northern Frontier District. In 1991, the former British protectorate of Somaliland declared
unilateral independence, following the fall of the Siad Barre regime. Since then, there has
been no formal diplomatic links between the UK and Somalia.

Somalia’s political stability and internal security can only be restored by urging the leaders of
the international community to reach out to the insurgent groups. A strong UN backed naval
and military force is required to negotiate and work out a comprehensive ceasefire. Also, a
political process needs to be developed based on diplomacy and international co-operation to
restore the legitimacy of the government of Somalia.

Loreto Day School, Dharamtala

India

Somalia is the archetypical failed state. Somalia has not had a functioning government since
1991 and has been plagued by waves of violence between the rival warlords. The United
Nations and the United States of America have made efforts to resolve the problem. There is a
conflict between the rival Islamic Courts Union and the more extremist Al Shabbab that has
links with Al Qaeda. Somalia’s strategic position in the Horn of Africa has made it a prime spot
for pirates to prey on busy shipping lines. Somalia’s chaos has damaged agriculture and it faces
a widespread food shortage.

India is playing an active role to combat piracy in the Somali waters. Piracy off the coast of
Somalia is a major threat to the international shipping industry since the 1990s. India along
with several other countries is patrolling the Gulf of Aden, one of the world’s busiest shipping
lanes which connects the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

India has made an informal agreement with the Somalian Government to take the battle right
to the pirate hideouts in the high seas of Somalia. The near daily piracy crisis in the Gulf of
Aden continues. After encountering suspicious vessels that turned out to be Somali pirates, an
Indian warship sank the pirates’ “mother ship”. Due to this the Somali bandits terrorizing the
busy routes around the Horn of Africa suffered a rare setback. Thus India has helped tackle
piracy in the Somali waters to a certain extent.

India and Somalia have enjoyed an excellent political and economic relationship until the
collapse of the previous regime in 1991. The Indo-Somali bilateral relations aim at solving the
humanitarian crisis in Somalia. At the Asian-African Summit on April 23, 2005, the Somalian
Foreign Minister sought India’s help in diverse areas including reconstruction, education,
fisheries and the energy sector.

Loreto House
Ukraine

SOMALIAN CIVIL WAR

Today we confront some of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. Somalia has been
drifting towards a new war since the TFG was formed in late 2004 but the trend has recently
accelerated dramatically. The stand off between the TFG and Ethiopian ally on one hand and
the ICU which control Mogadishu on the other threatens to escalate into a wider conflict that
would consume much of the south, destabilize peaceful territories (Somaliland and Punt land)
and possibly involve terrorist attacks in neighboring countries unless urgent efforts are made by
both sides and the international community to put together a government of national unity.

SOLUTION
The TFG should agree to resume dialogue with the ICU immediately without any pre-condition
and should indulge in bilateral talks.

ETHIOPIAN SOMALIA CONFLICT

The Ethiopian Somalia conflict and tension has a background in territorial and political
disputes. Animosity between Ethiopia and Somali’s dates back a few centuries with wars and
conflicts. In recent years, tensions caused two wars ( The Ogaden war 1977-1978 and the
Ethiopian border war 1982).

SOLUTION
As delegates of Ukraine we would like to introduce confidence building measures for the
betterment of the Ethiopians as well as they Somalians. They could also engage in bilateral
talks, which have been a success in the past, and will hopefully be successful in the future.

SOMALIA PUNT LAND CONFLICT

The Punt land-Somali land dispute is a territorial dispute over the Somali regions of SSC (sool,
sanaag and cayn) between the 2 autonomous Somaliland and Puntland. The delegates of
Ukraine would like both states to agree uncondintionally on withdrawing their forces from the
disputed regions of sool, sanaag and cayn, should resolve not to engage in any military activity
for a certain time period as sanctioned by the international community.

SOLUTIONS
Ukraine feels that there is an urgent need for both Somaliland as well as Punt land to engage in
a system of collective security and understand that threat or use of force as a means of solving
inter-state problems cannot be used.
As delegates of Ukraine we would like Punt land and Somaliland to form a committee which
will be engaged in a decisive conflict resolution.

SOMALIAN PIRACY

Ukraine condemns the aggressive acts of the pirates. In the light of recent events (2007)
including the hijacking of our Ukrainian ship MV Faina; the delegates of Ukraine are of the
opinion that the international community will have to take a firm stand against the pirates.
The piracy problem is an offshoot of the Somalian crisis due to the absence of a strong
government since 1991.There have been increasing acts of illegal fishing as well as dumping of
toxic wastes.

SOLUTION
The delegates of Ukraine are of the opinion that—“Illegal fishing has to be stopped”, toxic
waste dumping should be banned, the European companies responsible for these acts should be
punished and the waters should be made clean.”
Pratt Memorial School (1)
Uganda

Somalia, the bordering country of the Horn of Africa is facing an acute crisis which stems in the
country from 1991 ever since the country’s long time leader, Siad Barre of the Darod clan was
removed which led to anarchy and violence in Somalia.

Though several attempts have been made to bring the situation under control including the
formation of an interim government, the Transitional Federal Government led by President
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Geedi in Arta in August 2000.Several
factions have had risen which opposed this government.

The Union of Islamic Courts expressed its opposition against this government

and heavy violence broke in 2006 between UIC and TFG. UIC seized control over many parts of
Somalia including Mogadishu. The UN Security Council authorized six months AU peacekeeping
mission (AMISOM) in February 2004.Uganda expressed her support and pledged deployment of
troops financial support to EU, US and UK to fight the extreme situations of violence in
Somalia. Ugandan Troops were deployed in Mogadishu

continuously as a part of AMISOM amid the violence even though Sheikh Aweys of UIC, the
considered enemies of AU launched attacks on Uganda.

Uganda even is trying to resolve matters regarding the Ethiopia-Somalia Border dispute, Piracy
problems near Gulf of Aden and the region around the Gulf, Puntland and Somaliland disputes
by providing financial support to the TFG and deploying troops in Somalia.

On July 09,2009 Member of Parliament of Somalia Prof.Gedi welcomed any nation that will
provide any sort of aid in order to protect the Somalian Government and people from an
expected Humanitarian crisis. Ugandan Government expressed its support towards Somalian
Government in this meeting. Therefore, Uganda is trying her best to protect the state of
Somalia and helping the state to recover its political and economic condition.

Pratt Memorial School (2)

France

Sohini Bose, Security Council, PMS, the delegate of France puts her stand on the Somalian crisis
against it and supports the Ethiopian government from all points of view. There are various
disputes in the land of Somalia. First and foremost there is a border conflict over the Ogaden
region. In spite of Ethiopia being granted the Ogaden region legally Somalia attacked Ethiopia
for want of the Ogaden region in GREED of a greater Somalia. Such violent attack was not
required for when a resolution could have ended the dispute. The world can surely deal
without another atrocious policy of LEBANSRAUM. It looks as if Somalia is walking on the
footprints of HITLER. Apart from the Somalia Ethiopian crisis Somalia is also subjugated to the
crime of piracy in the Somalian waters. Piracy off the Somali coast has been a threat to
international shipping since the beginning of Somalia's civil war in the early 1990s. Since 2005,
many international organizations, including the International Maritime Organization and the
World Food Program, have expressed concern over the rise in acts of piracy. Piracy has
contributed to an increase in shipping costs and impeded the delivery of food aid shipments.
Ninety percent of the World Food Program's shipments arrive by sea, and ships have required a
military escort. The coastal waters off Somalia, which has not had an effective central
government for more than 17 years and is plagued by insecurity, are considered to be among
the most dangerous waterways for shipping in the world. Last year more than 25 ships were
seized by pirates in Somali coastal waters despite US navy patrols. The International Maritime
Bureau advises merchant ships to stay at least 200 nautical miles from the Somali coast. The
seizure came two days after a Paris court charged six Somalis with taking the crew of a French
luxury yacht hostage earlier this month.
The six were captured by French Special Forces, along with 200,000 dollars (125,000 euros) of
suspected ransom money, after they released the 30-strong crew of the yacht on April 11. They
had held the group hostage for a week.Following the outbreak of the 2006 Somali War on
December 21, 2006, by December 24, direct Ethiopian intervention in the conflict in support of
the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was no longer denied by the Ethiopian Government.
The Eritrean government denied any involvement despite Ethiopian claims to the contrary. A
number of regional and international expressions and efforts, such as by the UN and EU, have
attempted to stem the tide of war. Other efforts, such as by the ICRC, seek to alleviate the
humanitarian suffering and ameliorate the crisis caused by the conflict. Thus the Somalian
government should first stabilize its own government and people before inflicting attack on the
territory of another country.

The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the Somali regions of Sool, Cayn
and Sanaag between the two autonomous Somaliland and Puntland macro regions of Somalia.

The dispute escalated into armed clashes on October 15, 2007The dispute between Somaliland
and Puntland stems from 1998, when Puntland formed and declared the region as part of its
territory. Prior to that, it had been claimed by Somaliland since the 1991 events of the Somali
Civil War. Somaliland claimed the territory as part of the original bounds of British Somaliland.
Fighting between the two forces led to casualties and captured prisoners, who were later
exchanged. As a related contention, in 2005 Puntland tried to sell off mineral rights to foreign
investors, including the disputed territories of Sool and Sana. the French government takes a
diplomatic stand over this issue and claims that the dispute should be resolved by the means of
a peace treaty.

As a member of the UN Security Council the France delegate would like to take a partial
diplomatic stand over the issue of the Somalian crisis in order to restore world peace by means
of a peaceful conference and not violent warfare.

St James School (1)

Kenya

As the representative of Kenya, we have a strong viewpoint on this issue. We believe that
Somalia has done practically nothing to alleviate the miseries of thousands of Somalis or people
from neighbouring countries like Ethiopia. It has made no effort to solve the crises related to
piracy, or the civil war, or the Puntland issue or the problems with Ethiopia.

In the Ethiopia issue, we find that Somalia has been unhappy from the time when the land of
Ogaden was awarded to the Ethiopians in 1948.they have made quite a few attempts to reunite
Ogaden with Somalia in order to reunite the Somali people living in Ogaden. This has obviously
led to dispute with Ethiopia, as it would with any other country, when an invasion occurs out of
the blue for something that has been rightfully awarded to oneself. Thus Somalia has only
made matters worse and is itself to blame for this.

Puntland is a province, which considers itself to be autonomous within Somalia. In 1969, after
the coup in which the Somali government was toppled, Somalia invaded Ethiopia, but
unsuccessfully. The Soviet Union withdrew their support from Somalia and extended a helping
hand to Ethiopia. Years of violence and chaos followed as Somalia continued to be bereft of a
stable government. Then, we find that Somaliland, a province in Somalia, declared itself
autonomous, and all hell broke loose. Puntland , unlike Somaliland, does not seek complete
independence from Somalia. Indeed, Somalia’s weak leadership since the time of Siad Barre,
has led to this issue being treated very stupidly, with the very sensitive issue being escalated to
a situation where one cannot expect any solutions in the near future.
The Somalian civil war is another issue where the Somalia government has failed to act
sensibly. The top order of Somalia has completely failed to produce the goods with the Islamic
Courts Union walking into Mogadishu and wresting its control away from the ARCPT. It is an
issue where Kenya feels that Somalia has failed to prove itself worthy of negotiation and
maintaining its internal security. It is an issue which has worried the world regarding how long
this country will continue to exist, in view of the self consuming attacks that it is already
having to deal with.

The other issue is the piracy that is so rampant on the Somalian coastline. Somalia already
boasts of a strategic location with regards to the African coastline- it is also known as the Horn
of Africa. The Somali pirates are mostly obstructing ships coming to the Kenyan port of
Mombasa, which, as delegates of Kenya, we can say that it is causing a lot of problems to the
trade and commerce of Kenya. Of course, all countries of the world have united to eradicate
this problem, and the support of countries like the USA has to be lauded in this respect. But,
we cannot ignore the fact that without the support of Somalia, nothing can be done to
eradicate piracy, as these pirates are functioning freely without any restrictions, with all the
latest technologies available to them at the drop if a hat. They have been seen using laptops
and satellite phones, akin to any sub-continental terrorist group, and these pirates are a huge
problem with respect to international relations of Somalia and the other countries of the
world.

Kenya, believes that the solutions to these problems lies in the leadership of Somalia, which
has not had a stable government for the past four decades, since the days of the Soviet
invasion. Issues such as Puntland and Somaliland are ones, which the Somali government itself
has to deal with very strongly. Even with piracy, we find that the world has already extended a
lot of support to Somalia, but if the government does not co-operate, nothing is possible.
Somalia is a country torn by internal strife, and international relations at this time, with
countries like Ethiopia, are strained. Kenya is looking to extend all possible support to Somalia,
and is willing to help in the creation of a strong government in Somalia. We hope that we will
be able to contribute in the development of Somalia and Kenya also looks forward to a better
Africa and a better Somalia.

St James School (2)

Holland

Somalia’s descent into chaos and lawlessness did not occur overnight . The Societal breakdown
and the famine that accompanied it were results of the political and economic problems
common to most sub Saharan African countries.Somalia needs a new global deal on human
rights – not paper promises but commitment and concrete actions from the government is
required.

The Somalian crisis encompasses four sub crisis –

The Ethiopia- Somalia Border conflict- This conflict started in the 16th century when Ahmad Ibn
Ibrihim Al – Ghazi who was the islamist leader of adal carried on its jihad against the
Ethiopians.the main problem here is that in 1948 Ogaden was legally granted to Ethiopia but
this decision was resented by the Somalians as they wanted Ogaden to be a part of
Somalia.Another thing which is of grave concern is that the ICU (Islamic Courts Union added
another side to the war as they stormed in Mogadishu After which the Ethiopians collided with
the weak interim government of Somalia in order to overthrow ICU.

SOLUTIONS WE CAN PROVIDE:

In 1948 Ogaden was legally granted to Ethiopia. Thus what is to be noticed here is that
Somalia’s attempts to capture ogaden is totally baseless and our aims over here should be to
stop the Somalian refugees from even entering Ogaden and creating unnecessary issues
especially wars. For this Holland is ready to send its troops for greater patrolling of the border
to reduce cross border transference which will prevent Somalian refugees from entering the
Ethiopian lands.

Moreover this is a long drawn affair and cannot come to an end instantly so humanitarian relief
should be provided to the common masses affected due to these wars and since the ICU is
creating a lot of problems by adding another side to the war , the commn people should be
encouraged not to follow the Sharia laws introduced by the ICU and launch a non violent mass
struggle against the ICU to weaken and threaten their perspectives.
The Puntland – Somaliland dispute- this dispute is a territorial dispute over the SSC( Sool ,
Sanaag , and Cyan ) regions of Somalia between two autonomous macro regions of Somalia
namely PUNTLAND and SOMALILAND.

SOLUTIONS WE CAN PROVIDE:

Puntland and Somaliland can have their own local self government but this government
shall not be recognized outside Somalia.
In other words these local self governments shall work under the somalian government keeping
them under the countries administration as Puntland is not a recognized state they have no
right to sell trade rights to foreign investors as of now.The already sold rights must be taken as
invalid and if necessary the investors shall be given back their money. As far as SSC is
concerned they will be taken as provinces of Somalia as a whole. If they want to be govrnd by
any of the other two provinces an election can take place as to which local self government
they want to be under. Puntland and Somaliland should not have much say in these matters it
is basically the Somali govt duty.

Civil War in Somalia:

The Somali Civil war is an ongoing war that started in 1991. This war was given a new
dimension when the ICU conquered Mogadishu from the Alliance for the restoration of peace
and counter terrorism ( ARPCT). This conflict has caused destabilisation and instability
throughout the country .Against them are posed the transitional federal government , the
breakaway region of Puntland, plus other individual warlords and tribes.Since the Common
masses massively affected, steps must be taken to stop it .

SOLUTIONS WE CAN PROVIDE:

The UNSC is requested to send peace keeping forces against the ICU as their presence is only
increasing poverty in the region they have power
Taking into consideration that an African man cannot give up his gun as it is a very important
part of his livelihood,the UN must think of ways to unite the tribes first.
Especially after the arms embargo has failed repeatedly.
Uniting the tribes under one enemy shall help in solving the problem
Barring these steps medical aid and food must be sent to the affected areas and the UN must
take steps against the western nations who are taking advantage of this crisis.
All foreign investment must be stopped for some time now

Piracy in the Somali Waters-

Piracy in the Somali waters is a very important global concern and reslolving this crisis can
resolve the problems of various countries. Warships , food aid shipments , cargo ships are all
being hijacked in and around the Somali waters , eventhough it started in the gulf of aden but
is now spreading in the nearby water bodies also. Piracy is making one of the poorest countries
of the world even poorer as its interfering in trade. Moreover help from different nations
cannot be availed .
SOLUTIONS WE CAN PROVIDE:
Holland is actively involved in solving this crisis. It has set up tribunal courts along with Russia
in order to punish the pirates involved in this heinous crime.
Since most of the pirates are fishermen and are carrying out piracy as their livelihood is
threatened by the foreign ships illegally fishing in the Somalian waters. To Solve this Fishing
rights should be strictly banned for any foreign ships and stringent actions must be taken if
illegal fishing is going on.
The pirates themselves don’t like to be engaged in such activities , they do it only if they have
certain necessities and problems as they know the amount of risk involved in piracy and since
the conditions in Somalia is not good people also involve themselves in piracy thinking that
they might earn a livelihood by getting ransoms from the hijacked ships. In order to solve this
the money collected by the Somalian Government for relief must be used to open new
employment centres so that the pirates can be given jobs according to their capabilities . As
this will improve their standard of living which will prevent them from involving themselves in
activities like piracy. Hollland is ready to provide financial assistance for this.

If these Humanitarian measures are unable to solve this crisis then sturdy action should be
taken against the pirates by using aerial viewing to locate the hideout places of the pirates.

The Heritage School

The Republic of Burundi

The Republic of Burundi is deeply concerned about the continuously deteriorating security
situation in Somalia as a whole and especially in its capital Mogadishu. We strongly condemn
the atrocities committed by the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) against Ethiopian and Somali
forces and call on all parties to immediately cease hostilities and enter in a political process to
promote stability and national reconciliation. Meanwhile the Republic of Burundi urges all
parties and combatants to respect the rules of discrimination in order to protect the civilian
population.

The Republic of Burundi emphasizes the need for a new Security Council Resolution, which
provides the peacekeeping forces with a strong mandate to protect its members, its affiliates
and the civilian population. We are also convinced that the long-term goal of any AU or UN
deployment in Somalia has to be the disarmament of the militias and the warlords. In this
respect the Republic of Burundi calls on the United Nation to step up its efforts in establishing
a U.N. mission to Somalia and underlines that thoroughly-prepared Demobilization,
Disarmament and Reintegration (DDR) process has to be part of any such mission. We regard
this as an absolutely crucial requirement for lasting peace and development. If these conditions
are met by the Security Council, AU member states could be far more easily convinced to
provide troops for the operation.

The Republic of Burundi respects the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence
and unity of Somalia. In our point of view it is absolutely essential for the future political
stability of Somalia that the transitional federal government (TFG) builds a broader base of
support that includes the voices of a wider range of Somalis. All important fractions of civil
society (including moderate Islamists) need to be brought into the government.

The Republic of Burundi expresses its strong support for the efforts of the African Union (AU),
the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the United Nations Political Office
for Somalia (UNPOS). The Republic of Burundi calls on all member states of the United Nations
to respect Somalia’s national sovereignty.

Welland Gouldsmith School

Brazil

The ongoing crisis in Somalia is becoming a global issue.Many problems are simultaneously
going on in Somalia resulting in a crisis. Somalia is one of the poorest countries in the world
with the capital of Mogadiscio.Therefore ,it is not able to handle the situation due to monetary
and other hindrances.

From the very past relationship between Somalia an Ethiopia have not been very congenial
regarding border disputes over Ogaden region . The Puntland –Somaliland dispute is a territorial
dispute over the somali regions of Sool,Cayn and Sanaag between the two autonomous states
of Somaliland and Puntland.also,a civil war is going on in Somalia in which the Islamic Court
Union had risen against the government.
These disputes possess many threats for the international community as many times it had
escalated to clashes and casualties.

The piracy crisis off the coast of Somalia is another example of the breakdown of the will of
nations to act decisively in an era of political correctness and pursuit of ‘’human rights’’ even
in the face of a serious security breakdown affecting billions of dollars in international trade.

It is obvios that the Somali pirate kingdom ,centered on the lawless port city of Eyl,cannot be
approached via the wringing of hands ,thought conclusions about ''complexity'' of international
law and UN committees issuing toothless resolutions.

Thus, keeping the situation in mind, Brazil is ready to provide monetary as well as
humanitarian aid to Somalia ,so as to overcome this crisis at the earliest possible time . Also,
Brazil would request all the nations , to cooperate and assist the Somalia government to fight
the rebels and pirates an bring about stability and peace in Somalia

Brazil would also request all the member states to form an international committee under the
aegies of UN consisting of experts from all nations to assist the Somalian government to resolve
the crisis and come to a conclusion.Also,Brazil is ready to aid the TNG with food for soldiers.
raising funds and other sorts of help as may be required.

Frank Anthony Public School

(Not submitted)

Our Lady Queen of the Missions

(Not submitted)