HORN OF AFRICA:

Somalia

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BRANCH: EAST AFRICA
10 August 2011
 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Somalia

Political Background
 Security Situation

Humanitarian Situation

South Africa’s response to the Humanitarian Crisis

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 SOMALIA
1. Political
 Somalia has been without a functioning government for over
20 years.
 The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was established
following the conclusion of Djibouti Agreement in 2008
following numerous attempts at establishing peace and
stability in the country.
 The Agreement was welcomed by some sectors of the
Somali population and the international community, but was
rejected by a number of other clans and groups, including the
Islamist group Al-Shabab, who feel that the government is
not inclusive and centred on Western ideals.

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 Political Situation cont.
 Since 2009, the TFG has had three different Prime Ministers and
two Speakers of Parliament.
 In-fighting and a blatant power struggle between the President,
Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed and the Speaker of Parliament, Sharif
Hassan Sheikh Aden have limited the effectiveness of the
Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs).
 Elections scheduled to take place at the end of August 2011, have
been postponed for twelve months until the end of August 2012 to
allow stability to take hold in Somalia.
 The political situation in Somalia has allowed the security situation
to deteriorate with the TFG only in control of a few areas in the
capital city, Mogadishu.

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 Security Situation
 Somalia has experienced over 20 years of insecurity, apart from a
short period during 2006, when it was under the control of the Union
of Islamic Courts (some of who’s members then formed Al
Shabaab).
 The insecurity has resulted in a large number of Internally Displaced
People (IDPs) fleeing to the border Somalia shares with Kenya.
 The insecurity situation has also been exacerbated by the presence
of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) who are
supporting the TFG in its offensive against Al-Shabab.
 Al-Shabab controls most of the regions in Southern Somalia, which
still remains contested and there is constant conflict between the
TFG forces and Al-Shabab over territory in Mogadishu.

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 Security Situation cont.
 Al-Shabab regards the TFG as a an exclusive western centric
government.
 Al-Shabab are also hostile toward AMISOM as the group feels
AMISOM is supportive of the imposed government and present
foreign forces on Somali territory.
 Al-Shabab claimed responsibility for the attacks on Uganda in July
2010, as a warning to Burundi and Uganda to withdraw their troops,
who make up AMISOM, from Somalia.
 The continued instability has also negatively impacted on the dire
humanitarian situation in Somalia.

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The Humanitarian Situation

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 The Humanitarian Situation cont.

 The humanitarian situation in Somalia is deteriorating on a daily

basis. It is estimated that 3.7 million Somalis are in a state of crisis.
 Southern Somalia, mostly under Al-Shabab control, has been the
most affected region, with Mogadishu also declared as one of the
areas affected by famine.
 The UN has called on the International Community to mobilise itself
and to contribute any form of assistance it could to the people of
Somalia.
 The AU has declared that it will be convening a Pledging
Conference on 25 August 2011 in Addis Ababa where African
countries are expected to make pledges toward alleviating the
situation in Somalia.

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 South Africa’s involvement in the
Humanitarian crisis
 The Government of South Africa has to date raised R8 Million
Rands which has been donated by a number of Government
Departments
 DIRCO has appealed to other National Departments to assist
wherever possible in providing aid to the people of Somalia and
pledges have already been received from the Department of Social
Development.
 South Africa is working with locally based aid organisations
including:
 Gift of the Givers, in cooperation SABC and the IMC
 Africa Muslims Agency
 Islamic Relief South Africa
 Netcare South Africa
 Al Imdaad Foundation

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 SA involvement cont.
 The decision for South Africa to cooperate with these organisations
was based on the fact that these organisations, apart from Netcare,
have representation on the ground in Somalia and Kenya and were
able to provide DIRCO with all the relevant information pertaining to
the most affected regions, the kind of aid required as well as the
security situation in the regions in crisis.
 Analyses was also conducted through our diplomatic Missions in the
region.
 Due to the challenging terrain, the instability and the lack of trust by
Al-Shabab of foreign organisations, only 20% of the 2.8 million
people affected in Southern Somalia (outside of the capital
Mogadishu) are receiving aid.

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 SA Involvement cont.
 An amount of R4 million from various Government
Departments has been pledged to the Gift of the Givers, who
have set up a camp in Mogadishu, distributing food, water,
and medical assistance to IDPs who have moved toward
Mogadishu in search of help. Additional plane-loads of aid will
soon depart South Africa for Mogadishu to enhance this effort.
Government’s contribution to Gift of the Givers will serve to
cover the exorbitant costs of transportation of the goods.
 An additional R4 million will be distributed between other
organisations
 South African Civil Society and communities have been
mobilised and the response has been phenomenal

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 SA involvement cont.
 Islamic Relief and Africa Muslims Agency have long been
established in Somalia, and have distribution centres in the affected
regions such as Lower Shabelle, Bakool, Bay and Badoia. They
also have sustainable development programmes in cooperation with
the UNDP, UNHCR, OXFAM, WFP and other internationally
recognised organisations, in addition to the emergency relief, much
of which they are conducting on behalf of the WFP who cannot
reach the areas. Both these organisations also have presence in the
refugee camps in Kenya.
 The Al-Imdaad Foundation has already indicated that it would be
delivering assistance to the refugee camps along the Somalia-
Kenya border, particularly Dadaab, which has reached capacity with
aid workers and volunteers struggling to keep up with the daily influx
of people crossing the border into Kenya.

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 SA involvement cont.
 Netcare has deployed a fact-finding mission to the region and have
indicated that they intend to establish a field hospital in Dadaab or
Ifo to see to the primary healthcare needs of the refugees and have
deployed a fact-finding mission to the region.
 The Somali Diaspora in South Africa have also mobilised to collect
funds for aid to their brethren.
 Through the Government’s endorsement of these South African and
South African based aid organisations, the humanitarian assistance
will be given a South African identity and continue in the spirit of
Ubuntu and in line with our policy towards an African Agenda.

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 SA involvement cont.
 South Africa is also home to a Somali community of approximately
40 000 who have come as refugees or entrepreneurs. There has
been a scourge of attacks on these communities over the past two
years. The aid from South Africa could therefore be regarded as a
gesture of goodwill to the people of Somalia.
 President Zuma, endorsed a comprehensive strategy for Somalia
during the State of the Nation address in February 2011, which
includes development, capacity and institution building. It is
envisaged that through the partnerships formed for delivery of aid,
some of the long-term goals in terms of this strategy can be rolled
out to assist the people of Somalia in bring peace and stability in
their country for a sustained livelihood, should a natural disaster like
drought and famine ever occur again.

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