Country: Republic of South Sudan

Committee: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Main topic: Problems refugees face in their new countries in west Africa and Asia for
rejection.

Delegate: Gabriela Quintero Bejarano

The Republic of South Sudan is located in northeastern Africa. South Sudan is

bordered by Sudan to the north, Central African Republic to the west, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya to the south, and Ethiopia to the east.
South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as the outcome of a
2005 agreement that ended Africa's longest-running civil war. Made up of the 10
southern-most states of Sudan, South Sudan is one of the most diverse countries in
Africa. The South Sudanese Civil War, start on Saturday December 14, 2013, was a
conflict in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. ...
Fighting broke out between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and
SPLM-IO, igniting the civil war. Ugandan troops were deployed to fight alongside the
South Sudanese government.

UNHCR appeals to donors to donate $ 2.7 trillion to address humanitarian needs in

2019 and 2020 that save the lives of refugees in South Sudan. In 2018, UNHCR and its
partners received only 38 percent of the $ 1.4 trillion required to support refugees from
South Sudan. Education, health, and food supplies lack sufficient funds, representing a
high cost for women and children, who represent 83 percent of refugees. "Since the
signing of the Revitalized Agreement on Conflict Resolution in South Sudan, (R-
ARCSS) on September 12, 2018 under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority
for the Development of Africa (IGAD), a partial reduction in the fighting has been
observed. "said Arnauld Akodjenou, Regional Refugee Coordinator and Special
Adviser for the Situation of South Sudan." Amid the decline in funding and the
tumultuous political climate that led to the R- ARCSS, I urge the donor community to
increase funding for the situation in South Sudan, especially in underfunded areas such
as protection, livelihoods and education, the levels of which are among children and
young adults in South Sudan are some of the lowest in the world.

Many inhabitants of these areas do not understand artificial borders, so the mediators
of the African Union recommend respect for freedom of movement, commerce, culture,
residence and even being able to vote in both countries.

The problems are not only between Sudan and South Sudan, but also between rebels
in the border areas. African Union mediators have focused on the North-South
relationship, forgetting the internal tribal problems that, as now, are causing conflicts.

The border states are the richest in water and oil, which makes them palatable, but
their inhabitants feel betrayed by Khartoum and Juba respectively, which also
translates into pockets of future conflict.
For all these reasons, the priorities to tackle the current conflict and prevent future ones
can be summarized as:

1st) Sit at a dialogue table with Kiir and Machar and representatives of other ethnic
groups involved to form a stable coalition government until the 2015 elections with the
United Nations and the African Union as guarantors and controllers of the process.

2nd) Initiate a process of disarmament of the militias that operate mainly in the border
areas, for which the collaboration of the two Sudanese States, international
organizations and an exhaustive control of the arms trade to the paramilitary groups is
essential.

3rd) The creation of disciplined South Sudan armed forces and police without
distinction of ethnicity. As has happened in other countries, training and education
would be carried out by specialists from third countries with a democratic tradition.

4th) Establish definitive agreements with Sudan so that the flow of oil through the
pipelines that cross it does not constitute a permanent source of instability.

5th) Promote, with convenient and disinterested international aid, the creation of
economic and social structures that can lead to a better distribution of wealth and the
well-being of citizens. UNMISS is an important step to stop violence and help the
population, but if a solid basis for coexistence is not established, the conflict will
reappear every time an economic, ethnic, religious, military or any other trigger occurs.

It is a country that recently became independent and that has suffered several wars
throughout the years. These wars have been the cause of displacement and refugees
within the country and that the country has low monetary resources. UNHCR has
contributed donations to the country since 2018. The last paragraph shows some of the
ideas that the country has had to improve its situation.
Bibliography

https://www.acnur.org/emergencia-en-sudan-del-sur.html

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › south_sudanese_civil_war

www.bbc.com › news › world-africa-14069082

geology.com › world › sudan-satellite-image
catedrapsyd.unizar.es/observatorio-psyd/opina/sudan-del-sur-un-conflicto-
interminable.html