



א

سא

ªאدא

(אجذא

1.1

(אد

•



:

אودאم אنل دÙدزאא.א:د

•



:אÙאאאÙאאא:





منאمאلא



وאאÙא.

2.1

(אא

אندאز×אאدאطوאنغאא

= 299 792 458 m.s

-1

אو:

C =3.10

m.s

-1



:

אאאددØغאא אאאوغאאאאن





3.1

(×אدאد

× :



(Fente )

:

/ a





אض)×

(



لغאאعא.

:אאع)אא(

: אووאאقאא لوو.

و:

a Dd

.

( trou )



..22.1

a Dd



(نאدאאوאא

1.2

(نאدאא

نאد אنددªאذوאددØ

2.2

(אل

ودوאªאوאªאن)وز.(لú אغאאنאد:

f C



3.2

(אא

אאא





III

(úوא

1.3

(

وª

•

אووאددØאאدد.

•

אא.

•

غאאאאدúوא.

2.3

( אאú אאúوو

אאغאאא

אאאאو:

ونلدא

milieu dispersif

)

(

אאذنאد אددאא )אلאذ( جא:אאددØدوא.

3.3

( ×אא

1.3.3

(  : Ùدووúوא אúنزא

2.3.3

(نאد)  אª(: 